Блокнот Жмудя

Не только для неплотно заселённой местности town-based local goverment system (назовём это так) оказывается слишком сложной.

Ещё и, наоборот, для самых крупных центров, где децентрализация окончательно превращается в цветущую сложность в лучших традициях Средневековой Европы:

It is common for residents of major U.S. metropolitan areas to live under six or more layers of special districts [школьные и др.инфраструктурные округа] as well as a town or city, and a county or township.

In turn, a typical metro area often consists of several counties, several dozen towns or cities, and a hundred (or more) special districts.

Я не просто так пошутил про Священную Римскую Империю Американской Нации! Сюда же децентрализацию, пронизывающую всё и вся, и ограничения центральной власти на всех уровнях как главная скрепа.

In one state, California, the fragmentation problem became so bad that in 1963 the California Legislature created Local Agency Formation Commissions in 57 of the state's 58 counties; that is, government agencies to supervise the orderly formation and development of other government agencies.

One effect of all this complexity is that victims of government negligence occasionally sue the wrong entity and do not realize their error until the statute of limitations [срок исковой давности] has run against them.

Because efforts at direct consolidation have proven futile, U.S. local government entities often form "councils of governments", "metropolitan regional councils", or "associations of governments".

These organizations serve as regional planning agencies and as forums for debating issues of regional importance, but are generally powerless relative to their individual members.

Since the late 1990s, "a movement, frequently called 'New Regionalism', accepts the futility of seeking consolidated regional governments and aims instead for regional structures that do not supplant local governments."

Тут, правда, возникает вопрос: насколько это реально именно проблема в разных частях страны?

Тут пишут про проблемы в Калифорнии -- но Калифорния особый случай: штат совершенно безумных размеров, особенно по сравнению с компактными новоанглийскими, огромная доля недавних переселенцев в любой момент времени, огромные внутренние контрасты (политические, социальные, в плотности населения). Ещё и с левацкими загонами.

Не уверен, что мегаполисы Северо-Востока или даже Великих Озёр воспринимают свою административную систему как проблему.

В конце концов это неиронично национальная традиция.

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145 viewsedited  Oct 23, 2024 at 13:15

Не только для неплотно заселённой местности town-based local goverment system (назовём это так) оказывается слишком сложной.

Ещё и, наоборот, для самых крупных центров, где децентрализация окончательно превращается в цветущую сложность в лучших традициях Средневековой Европы:

It is common for residents of major U.S. metropolitan areas to live under six or more layers of special districts [школьные и др.инфраструктурные округа] as well as a town or city, and a county or township.

In turn, a typical metro area often consists of several counties, several dozen towns or cities, and a hundred (or more) special districts.

In one state, California, the fragmentation problem became so bad that in 1963 the California Legislature created Local Agency Formation Commissions in 57 of the state's 58 counties; that is, government agencies to supervise the orderly formation and development of other government agencies.

One effect of all this complexity is that victims of government negligence occasionally sue the wrong entity and do not realize their error until the statute of limitations [срок исковой давности] has run against them.

Because efforts at direct consolidation have proven futile, U.S. local government entities often form "councils of governments", "metropolitan regional councils", or "associations of governments".

These organizations serve as regional planning agencies and as forums for debating issues of regional importance, but are generally powerless relative to their individual members.

Since the late 1990s, "a movement, frequently called 'New Regionalism', accepts the futility of seeking consolidated regional governments and aims instead for regional structures that do not supplant local governments."

BY Блокнот Жмудя