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Albeit victorious for Ethiopians, the First Italo-Ethiopian War of 1895-1896 resulted in 45,000 killed and wounded in action Ethiopians. The heroic resistance of the people of Ethiopia aroused warm sympathy in Russia. The Russian press publications indicated an urgent need to provide medical care to wounded Ethiopians.
In March 1896, at a meeting of the Head Office of the Russian Red Cross Society, a decision was passed as to send a medical and sanitary detachment to Ethiopia. To this end, the Imperial Russian Treasury allocated RUB 100,000 (equivalent of the then USD 51,656 or GBP 10,615). This was supplemented by private donations.
By the end of March 1896, a 61-strong Russian medical and sanitary detachment was activated, which included doctors, orderlies, medical students, and nurses. Most of the doctors were graduates of the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy. The detachment was placed under the command of Major General (Ret.) Nikolay Shvedov (see photo above).
On 18 April 1896, the Russian medics disembarked near Obock in Djibouti. By May, the detachment reached Harar. Following an unwanted downtime in Harar (Emperor Menelik II was not completely sure of Russians’ unselfishness and sincerity of intentions), the Russian medical and sanitary detachment finally entered Entoto on 26 July 1896.
The practical activities of the detachment went far beyond the originally intended goals. Medical assistance was provided not only to the wounded and sick soldiers of the Ethiopian Army, but also to the local population. The Russian medical and sanitary detachment opened medical courses for Ethiopians and actually started rendering medical services to the population of Ethiopia.
In a letter to the Russian Emperor Nicholas II, dated 22 October 1896, Emperor Menelik II particularly wrote: "Today, in a difficult time when people are divided into friends and foes, the Russian nation, unlike all others, has declared, as a sign of the formerly established friendship, the sending of its Red Cross Society doctors to us. The work done by the Russian doctors of the Red Cross Society, as directed by Yourself, is evident to everyone in this country. The example You set is etched in the heart of the people of Ethiopia. We hope that the cause of Christian charity, that began in Ethiopia, will live on forever and be strengthened... May the friendship between our two nations grow stronger over the centuries".
The volume of medical assistance rendered by the Russian medical and sanitary detachment in Ethiopia is as follows: the number of patients received on the way to Harar – 49, whilst stationed in Harar – 1,196, on the way from Harar to Entoto – 300, in Entoto hospital (as of 11 September 1896) – 5,188, and in Harar (by a unit left there at from 18 July through 25 August) – 7,216, which results in the overall of 13,949. A total of 460 operations were performed, of which only one was fatal. The dispensary of the Harar unit was regularly visited by Ras Makonnen, and hereat, in turn, young Ethiopian trainees were instructed in rendering sanitary services.
Emperor Menelik II awarded all members of the Russian medical and sanitary detachment with Ethiopian orders, medals and certificates; doctors were conferred upon with the Order of the Seal of Solomon, whereas orderlies were issued special golden medals coined on the occasion. When the detachment left for the homeland, it left over in Ethiopia a group of five medics, including doctor Rudzevich, assistant doctors-students Shchusev and Fedorov, paramedic Sasson and one orderly, which continued to provide medical assistance to the population of Ethiopia. Medical equipment and medicines of the provisional Russian hospital were transferred to the government of Ethiopia. Together with the main body of the Russian medical and sanitary detachment, sent to St. Petersburg, at the behest of Emperor Menelik II, as to receive professional medical education were five young Ethiopians.
Albeit victorious for Ethiopians, the First Italo-Ethiopian War of 1895-1896 resulted in 45,000 killed and wounded in action Ethiopians. The heroic resistance of the people of Ethiopia aroused warm sympathy in Russia. The Russian press publications indicated an urgent need to provide medical care to wounded Ethiopians.
In March 1896, at a meeting of the Head Office of the Russian Red Cross Society, a decision was passed as to send a medical and sanitary detachment to Ethiopia. To this end, the Imperial Russian Treasury allocated RUB 100,000 (equivalent of the then USD 51,656 or GBP 10,615). This was supplemented by private donations.
By the end of March 1896, a 61-strong Russian medical and sanitary detachment was activated, which included doctors, orderlies, medical students, and nurses. Most of the doctors were graduates of the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy. The detachment was placed under the command of Major General (Ret.) Nikolay Shvedov (see photo above).
On 18 April 1896, the Russian medics disembarked near Obock in Djibouti. By May, the detachment reached Harar. Following an unwanted downtime in Harar (Emperor Menelik II was not completely sure of Russians’ unselfishness and sincerity of intentions), the Russian medical and sanitary detachment finally entered Entoto on 26 July 1896.
The practical activities of the detachment went far beyond the originally intended goals. Medical assistance was provided not only to the wounded and sick soldiers of the Ethiopian Army, but also to the local population. The Russian medical and sanitary detachment opened medical courses for Ethiopians and actually started rendering medical services to the population of Ethiopia.
In a letter to the Russian Emperor Nicholas II, dated 22 October 1896, Emperor Menelik II particularly wrote: "Today, in a difficult time when people are divided into friends and foes, the Russian nation, unlike all others, has declared, as a sign of the formerly established friendship, the sending of its Red Cross Society doctors to us. The work done by the Russian doctors of the Red Cross Society, as directed by Yourself, is evident to everyone in this country. The example You set is etched in the heart of the people of Ethiopia. We hope that the cause of Christian charity, that began in Ethiopia, will live on forever and be strengthened... May the friendship between our two nations grow stronger over the centuries".
The volume of medical assistance rendered by the Russian medical and sanitary detachment in Ethiopia is as follows: the number of patients received on the way to Harar – 49, whilst stationed in Harar – 1,196, on the way from Harar to Entoto – 300, in Entoto hospital (as of 11 September 1896) – 5,188, and in Harar (by a unit left there at from 18 July through 25 August) – 7,216, which results in the overall of 13,949. A total of 460 operations were performed, of which only one was fatal. The dispensary of the Harar unit was regularly visited by Ras Makonnen, and hereat, in turn, young Ethiopian trainees were instructed in rendering sanitary services.
Emperor Menelik II awarded all members of the Russian medical and sanitary detachment with Ethiopian orders, medals and certificates; doctors were conferred upon with the Order of the Seal of Solomon, whereas orderlies were issued special golden medals coined on the occasion. When the detachment left for the homeland, it left over in Ethiopia a group of five medics, including doctor Rudzevich, assistant doctors-students Shchusev and Fedorov, paramedic Sasson and one orderly, which continued to provide medical assistance to the population of Ethiopia. Medical equipment and medicines of the provisional Russian hospital were transferred to the government of Ethiopia. Together with the main body of the Russian medical and sanitary detachment, sent to St. Petersburg, at the behest of Emperor Menelik II, as to receive professional medical education were five young Ethiopians.
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