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who created the pantorkism
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Pan-Turkism is a political and cultural movement that emerged in the late 19th century, aiming to unite all Turkic-speaking peoples across Eurasia. Rather than being the creation of a single individual, it developed through the contributions of several key figures.
Key Figures in the Development of Pan-Turkism
İsmail Gaspirali (1851–1914): A Crimean Tatar intellectual, Gaspirali is often regarded as a foundational figure in Pan-Turkism. He promoted the idea of "unity in language, thought, and action" among Turkic peoples and founded the influential newspaper Tercüman in 1883, which became a platform for disseminating Pan-Turkist ideas.
Yusuf Akçura (1876–1935): A Tatar intellectual and political thinker, Akçura authored the seminal essay "Three Types of Policy" (Üç Tarz-ı Siyaset) in 1904. In this work, he advocated for Turkish nationalism over Ottomanism or Islamism, influencing the direction of Pan-Turkist thought.
1914-1918-Online (WW1) Encyclopedia
Ziya Gökalp (1876–1924): A prominent Turkish sociologist and writer, Gökalp played a crucial role in shaping Pan-Turkist ideology within the Ottoman Empire. He emphasized the importance of cultural unity among Turkic peoples and integrated Pan-Turkist ideas into the broader framework of Turkish nationalism.
science.jrank.org
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1914-1918-Online (WW1) Encyclopedia
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Encyclopedia Britannica
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Oxford Reference
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1914-1918-Online (WW1) Encyclopedia
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Politika Akademisi
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European Influence
Arminius Vámbéry (1832–1913): A Hungarian orientalist and traveler, Vámbéry is credited with popularizing the concept of Pan-Turkism in Europe. His works on Turkic cultures and languages helped introduce and spread Pan-Turkist ideas beyond the Ottoman and Russian Empires
BY پروفسور زرتشت ستودِ KFP
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