UPSC CSE 2026 .pdf
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Environment SAMPLE.pdf
12.2 MB
📘 Environment & Ecology – UPSC 2026 (RRR Edition)
Author: Swapnil Wankhade, IAS
Pages: 614
What’s Inside:
• Updated 2024–25 Environmental Reports & Indices
• COP-30 (2025) Notes
• Tiger, Lion, Elephant & Snow Leopard Census
• ISFR-2023 & Biodiversity Updates
• High-yield Flowcharts, Diagrams & Tables
• 10-Year PYQ & Trend Analysis
• Prelims + Mains Integrated Notes
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⏳ First Print Limited | Dispatch from 20th Dec
https://learnfinite.com/courses/environment-ecology-2026-complete-upsc?referral=76BQGGXC
Author: Swapnil Wankhade, IAS
Pages: 614
What’s Inside:
• Updated 2024–25 Environmental Reports & Indices
• COP-30 (2025) Notes
• Tiger, Lion, Elephant & Snow Leopard Census
• ISFR-2023 & Biodiversity Updates
• High-yield Flowcharts, Diagrams & Tables
• 10-Year PYQ & Trend Analysis
• Prelims + Mains Integrated Notes
🔥 Pre-Order Now → FREE Delivery + 10% OFF
Apply Code: TOPPERSKART
⏳ First Print Limited | Dispatch from 20th Dec
https://learnfinite.com/courses/environment-ecology-2026-complete-upsc?referral=76BQGGXC
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🔺️UPSC Prelims Accelerator Program 🔺️
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🔆 Cosmic Filament
📍 Current Update
✅ Oxford researchers identify a 50 million light-year–long cosmic filament traced by 14 galaxies.
🔆 What is a Cosmic Filament?
✅ One of the largest thread-like structures in the cosmic web
✅ Connects massive galaxy clusters via long, thin strands
✅ Scale: Can span hundreds of millions of light-years
📍 Formation
✅ Forms when sheets of matter intersect & collapse under gravity
✅ Becomes a long gravitational strand
✅ Gas + smaller galaxies flow along it → can induce rotation in the filament
📍 Composition
✅ Gas, dark matter, galaxies
✅ Surround & separate large empty regions → voids
📍 Role
✅ Acts as pathways transporting matter toward galaxy clusters
✅ Shapes the large-scale structure of the universe
🔆 Cosmic Web — Quick Facts
✅ The universe’s vast network of filaments, sheets, walls & voids
✅ Extends across billions of light-years
✅ Dark matter forms the scaffolding
✅ Galaxies cluster at filament intersections → clusters & superclusters
📍 Components
✅ Filaments: Highways for galaxies
✅ Walls/Sheets: Flattened superstructures (e.g., Sloan Great Wall)
✅ Clusters/Superclusters: Dense intersections
✅ Voids: Huge, nearly empty regions
#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology
📍 Current Update
✅ Oxford researchers identify a 50 million light-year–long cosmic filament traced by 14 galaxies.
🔆 What is a Cosmic Filament?
✅ One of the largest thread-like structures in the cosmic web
✅ Connects massive galaxy clusters via long, thin strands
✅ Scale: Can span hundreds of millions of light-years
📍 Formation
✅ Forms when sheets of matter intersect & collapse under gravity
✅ Becomes a long gravitational strand
✅ Gas + smaller galaxies flow along it → can induce rotation in the filament
📍 Composition
✅ Gas, dark matter, galaxies
✅ Surround & separate large empty regions → voids
📍 Role
✅ Acts as pathways transporting matter toward galaxy clusters
✅ Shapes the large-scale structure of the universe
🔆 Cosmic Web — Quick Facts
✅ The universe’s vast network of filaments, sheets, walls & voids
✅ Extends across billions of light-years
✅ Dark matter forms the scaffolding
✅ Galaxies cluster at filament intersections → clusters & superclusters
📍 Components
✅ Filaments: Highways for galaxies
✅ Walls/Sheets: Flattened superstructures (e.g., Sloan Great Wall)
✅ Clusters/Superclusters: Dense intersections
✅ Voids: Huge, nearly empty regions
#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology
❤2
Forwarded from CSE EXAM upsc prelims mains CAPF EPFO CDS NDA
UPSC CSE 2026 .pdf
235.1 KB
🔺️UPSC Prelims Accelerator Program 2.0🔺️
• Daily 9 PM Quiz | 30 MCQs
• Saturday CSAT | Sunday OFF
• UPSC + CDS + CAPF + State PSC PYQs
• Full syllabus schedule included
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• Saturday CSAT | Sunday OFF
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• Full syllabus schedule included
• MCQs available anytime for revision.
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Forwarded from CSE EXAM upsc prelims mains CAPF EPFO CDS NDA
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🔆 AI & Inequality in Asia-Pacific
📍 AI Boom vs Uneven Readiness
✅ AI firms ↑ 4×, global AI investment ↑ 15×.
➡️ IMF Index shows huge preparedness gaps across Asia-Pacific.
📍 Digital Divide Between Countries
✅ Japan, South Korea = high readiness (skills, infrastructure, innovation).
❗ India, Pakistan, Afghanistan = low readiness due to weaker digital access + human capital.
📍 Inequality Shapes AI Adoption
✅ Richer nations adopt AI faster; poorer nations risk falling further behind.
➡️ High income inequality → low ability to benefit from emerging tech.
📍 Digital Access Gaps
✅ Internet usage very high in Malaysia/Japan; low in South Asia & Pakistan.
➡️ Rural–urban digital skill divide persists, esp. basic spreadsheet skills.
📍 Gendered Impact
❗ Women face greater risk of AI-driven job disruption.
➡️ Gender gaps in tech access worsen inequality.
📍 Soft Infrastructure Deficit
✅ Many countries lack AI laws: data protection, algorithmic accountability, privacy norms.
➡️ Weak governance → higher bias, exclusion.
📍 Inclusive AI Needed
❗ Marginalised groups must be part of system design.
➡️ Exclusion → biased outcomes + deepened socio-economic divides.
📍 Policy Imperatives
✅ Build digital infra + basic skills.
✅ Bridge rural–urban + gender gaps.
✅ Enact AI safety & data protection laws.
➡️ Ensure small businesses & low-income groups access AI tools.
📍 Relevance for India
✅ India in mid-tier readiness; large social & regional disparities.
➡️ Must close digital-skill gaps, widen internet access, regulate AI responsibly to prevent inequality.
📍 Mains Question
Assess how AI adoption could widen socio-economic inequalities in Asia-Pacific. What policy measures are essential for inclusive AI readiness in India?
#GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology
📍 AI Boom vs Uneven Readiness
✅ AI firms ↑ 4×, global AI investment ↑ 15×.
➡️ IMF Index shows huge preparedness gaps across Asia-Pacific.
📍 Digital Divide Between Countries
✅ Japan, South Korea = high readiness (skills, infrastructure, innovation).
❗ India, Pakistan, Afghanistan = low readiness due to weaker digital access + human capital.
📍 Inequality Shapes AI Adoption
✅ Richer nations adopt AI faster; poorer nations risk falling further behind.
➡️ High income inequality → low ability to benefit from emerging tech.
📍 Digital Access Gaps
✅ Internet usage very high in Malaysia/Japan; low in South Asia & Pakistan.
➡️ Rural–urban digital skill divide persists, esp. basic spreadsheet skills.
📍 Gendered Impact
❗ Women face greater risk of AI-driven job disruption.
➡️ Gender gaps in tech access worsen inequality.
📍 Soft Infrastructure Deficit
✅ Many countries lack AI laws: data protection, algorithmic accountability, privacy norms.
➡️ Weak governance → higher bias, exclusion.
📍 Inclusive AI Needed
❗ Marginalised groups must be part of system design.
➡️ Exclusion → biased outcomes + deepened socio-economic divides.
📍 Policy Imperatives
✅ Build digital infra + basic skills.
✅ Bridge rural–urban + gender gaps.
✅ Enact AI safety & data protection laws.
➡️ Ensure small businesses & low-income groups access AI tools.
📍 Relevance for India
✅ India in mid-tier readiness; large social & regional disparities.
➡️ Must close digital-skill gaps, widen internet access, regulate AI responsibly to prevent inequality.
📍 Mains Question
Assess how AI adoption could widen socio-economic inequalities in Asia-Pacific. What policy measures are essential for inclusive AI readiness in India?
#GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology
❤3🔥1
🔆 Google’s ‘Quantum Echoes’ & Q-Day
📍 What Google Achieved
✅ Using a 65-qubit Willow processor, researchers observed how quantum information spreads and refocuses inside entangled systems → called Quantum Echoes.
➡️ This is a physics breakthrough, not a cryptographic one.
📍 What the Experiment Really Is
❗ Unlike 2019’s “quantum supremacy,” this was not about speed.
➡️ Scientists sent a quantum “poke,” watched the disturbance evolve, and detected its echo — improving understanding of quantum behaviour.
📍 What It Means for Encryption
❗ Does NOT bring Q-day closer.
➡️ RSA-2048 cracking would require millions of logical qubits — decades away.
Current machines (like Willow) only have tens of qubits.
📍 Why Q-Day Still Far
✅ To break RSA, a fault-tolerant quantum computer must run Shor’s algorithm at huge scale → millions of qubits + error-correction.
❗ Today’s devices barely reach a few hundred noisy qubits.
📍 Quantum Echoes ≠ Cryptographic Threat
➡️ It studies physical processes (information re-emerging in entangled states), unlike Shor’s algorithm which seeks computational advantage.
➡️ Shows scientific reproducibility, not decryption capability.
📍 But Why the Concern?
⚠️ Some actors may store encrypted data now to decrypt later (“harvest now, decrypt later”).
➡️ Regulators urge early transition to quantum-safe encryption (PQC) like CRYSTALS-Kyber & Dilithium.
📍 Core Message
Quantum Echoes is a major physics insight, not a step toward breaking encryption — Q-day remains theoretical and distant.
📍 Mains Question
Differentiate between advances in quantum physics (like Quantum Echoes) and cryptography-relevant quantum computing. Why does Q-day remain far off?
#GS3 #science_and_technology
📍 What Google Achieved
✅ Using a 65-qubit Willow processor, researchers observed how quantum information spreads and refocuses inside entangled systems → called Quantum Echoes.
➡️ This is a physics breakthrough, not a cryptographic one.
📍 What the Experiment Really Is
❗ Unlike 2019’s “quantum supremacy,” this was not about speed.
➡️ Scientists sent a quantum “poke,” watched the disturbance evolve, and detected its echo — improving understanding of quantum behaviour.
📍 What It Means for Encryption
❗ Does NOT bring Q-day closer.
➡️ RSA-2048 cracking would require millions of logical qubits — decades away.
Current machines (like Willow) only have tens of qubits.
📍 Why Q-Day Still Far
✅ To break RSA, a fault-tolerant quantum computer must run Shor’s algorithm at huge scale → millions of qubits + error-correction.
❗ Today’s devices barely reach a few hundred noisy qubits.
📍 Quantum Echoes ≠ Cryptographic Threat
➡️ It studies physical processes (information re-emerging in entangled states), unlike Shor’s algorithm which seeks computational advantage.
➡️ Shows scientific reproducibility, not decryption capability.
📍 But Why the Concern?
⚠️ Some actors may store encrypted data now to decrypt later (“harvest now, decrypt later”).
➡️ Regulators urge early transition to quantum-safe encryption (PQC) like CRYSTALS-Kyber & Dilithium.
📍 Core Message
Quantum Echoes is a major physics insight, not a step toward breaking encryption — Q-day remains theoretical and distant.
📍 Mains Question
Differentiate between advances in quantum physics (like Quantum Echoes) and cryptography-relevant quantum computing. Why does Q-day remain far off?
#GS3 #science_and_technology
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UPSC NDA (I) 2026 Notification.pdf
2.2 MB
◾️ UPSC NDA (I) 2026 Notification Out
Total Post : 394
Qualification : 10+2
Age Limit : 16 to 19 Years
Apply Online : 10 Dec to 30 Dec
Exam Date : 12 April, 2026
https://www.tgoop.com/CSE_EXAM
Total Post : 394
Qualification : 10+2
Age Limit : 16 to 19 Years
Apply Online : 10 Dec to 30 Dec
Exam Date : 12 April, 2026
https://www.tgoop.com/CSE_EXAM
Forwarded from CSE EXAM upsc prelims mains CAPF EPFO CDS NDA
PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2026
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1- 25 Students : 100% Off (FREE)
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🔆 Nuclear Power in India
📍 Latest Update
✅ NPCIL crosses 50 BUs generation for the first time (FY 2024–25)
✅ Avoided 49 million tonnes of CO₂ emissions
🔆 India’s Nuclear Power Status
✅ Contributes ~3% of electricity (July 2025)
✅ Target: 100 GW by 2047
✅ Follows Three-Stage Nuclear Programme
🔆 Key Initiatives
📍 Nuclear Energy Mission (2025–26)
✅ Focus on R&D of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)
→ SMRs = advanced reactors up to 300 MW(e)
📍 Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs)
✅ 220 MW PHWRs with strong safety record
➡️ PHWR = heavy-water cooled & moderated, uses natural uranium
📍 Recent Achievements
✅ Kakrapar KAPS-3 & 4 → first two 700 MWe indigenous PHWRs operational (2023–24)
✅ Mahi Banswara Project (Rajasthan) → 4×700 MWe PHWR launched
✅ Rawatbhata RAPP-7 → 3rd 700 MWe indigenous PHWR operational (2025)
#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology
#cse
📍 Latest Update
✅ NPCIL crosses 50 BUs generation for the first time (FY 2024–25)
✅ Avoided 49 million tonnes of CO₂ emissions
🔆 India’s Nuclear Power Status
✅ Contributes ~3% of electricity (July 2025)
✅ Target: 100 GW by 2047
✅ Follows Three-Stage Nuclear Programme
🔆 Key Initiatives
📍 Nuclear Energy Mission (2025–26)
✅ Focus on R&D of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)
→ SMRs = advanced reactors up to 300 MW(e)
📍 Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs)
✅ 220 MW PHWRs with strong safety record
➡️ PHWR = heavy-water cooled & moderated, uses natural uranium
📍 Recent Achievements
✅ Kakrapar KAPS-3 & 4 → first two 700 MWe indigenous PHWRs operational (2023–24)
✅ Mahi Banswara Project (Rajasthan) → 4×700 MWe PHWR launched
✅ Rawatbhata RAPP-7 → 3rd 700 MWe indigenous PHWR operational (2025)
#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology
#cse
🔆 RDI Fund to Catalyse India’s Innovation Ecosystem
📍 Why in Focus?
Govt rolling out a ₹1 lakh crore RDI Fund to deepen private-sector R&D and accelerate frontier technologies.
📍 Key Highlights:
✅ Focus on near-market tech: AI, biotech, clean energy, semiconductors, deep-tech manufacturing
✅ Layered financing model via ANRF, TDB, BIRAC & fund managers
✅ Funding through long-term low-interest loans / equity, not direct grants
✅ Aims to bridge India’s long gap between research and commercialisation
✅ Supports young scientists, convergence centres & industry–academia collaboration
📍 Implications:
✔️ Strengthens tech self-reliance
✔️ Pushes India toward Viksit Bharat@2047 innovation goals
✔️ Moves India from tech consumer → tech creator
✅ Mains Question:
How will the RDI Fund reshape India’s research-to-market pipeline and strengthen technological self-reliance?
#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join https://www.tgoop.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tgoop.com/upsc_science_and_technology
📍 Why in Focus?
Govt rolling out a ₹1 lakh crore RDI Fund to deepen private-sector R&D and accelerate frontier technologies.
📍 Key Highlights:
✅ Focus on near-market tech: AI, biotech, clean energy, semiconductors, deep-tech manufacturing
✅ Layered financing model via ANRF, TDB, BIRAC & fund managers
✅ Funding through long-term low-interest loans / equity, not direct grants
✅ Aims to bridge India’s long gap between research and commercialisation
✅ Supports young scientists, convergence centres & industry–academia collaboration
📍 Implications:
✔️ Strengthens tech self-reliance
✔️ Pushes India toward Viksit Bharat@2047 innovation goals
✔️ Moves India from tech consumer → tech creator
✅ Mains Question:
How will the RDI Fund reshape India’s research-to-market pipeline and strengthen technological self-reliance?
#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology
Join https://www.tgoop.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tgoop.com/upsc_science_and_technology