3. Nominal Data Measures (For Categorical Variables)
- Purpose: Assesses association between nominal (unordered) categories.
- Key Statistics: - Contingency Coefficient: Adjusts chi-square for table size (range: 0 to <1). - Phi & Cramer’s V: - Phi: For 2×2 tables (range: 0–1). - Cramer’s V: For larger tables (range: 0–1; values >0.3 often indicate meaningful association). - Lambda: Predicts one variable based on another (asymmetric/symmetric versions). - Uncertainty Coefficient: Measures reduction in uncertainty when predicting one variable using another.
3. Nominal Data Measures (For Categorical Variables)
- Purpose: Assesses association between nominal (unordered) categories.
- Key Statistics: - Contingency Coefficient: Adjusts chi-square for table size (range: 0 to <1). - Phi & Cramer’s V: - Phi: For 2×2 tables (range: 0–1). - Cramer’s V: For larger tables (range: 0–1; values >0.3 often indicate meaningful association). - Lambda: Predicts one variable based on another (asymmetric/symmetric versions). - Uncertainty Coefficient: Measures reduction in uncertainty when predicting one variable using another.
The channel also called on people to turn out for illegal assemblies and listed the things that participants should bring along with them, showing prior planning was in the works for riots. The messages also incited people to hurl toxic gas bombs at police and MTR stations, he added. Telegram offers a powerful toolset that allows businesses to create and manage channels, groups, and bots to broadcast messages, engage in conversations, and offer reliable customer support via bots. Telegram channels fall into two types: The group also hosted discussions on committing arson, Judge Hui said, including setting roadblocks on fire, hurling petrol bombs at police stations and teaching people to make such weapons. The conversation linked to arson went on for two to three months, Hui said. Hui said the messages, which included urging the disruption of airport operations, were attempts to incite followers to make use of poisonous, corrosive or flammable substances to vandalize police vehicles, and also called on others to make weapons to harm police.
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