Forwarded from Upsc Study today Hindi
🔆 Vikram-32: India’s First 32-bit Space Processor
📍About
✅ India’s first indigenously developed 32-bit processor for space applications.
✅ Developed by Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC); fabricated at ISRO Semiconductor Lab (SCL), Chandigarh.
📍Key Features
✅ Upgrade → Vikram-32 (Vikram 3201) succeeds Vikram 1601 (16-bit), in use since 2009.
✅ Technology → Custom Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) by ISRO.
✅ Supports floating-point computations & high-level programming in Ada language.
✅ Durability → Operates in extreme space conditions (-55°C to +125°C).
📍Validation
✅ First batch tested in space via PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM-4) on PSLV-C60 mission.
📍Significance
✅ Boosts indigenous self-reliance in advanced space electronics.
✅ Enhances ISRO’s capability in launch vehicles, satellites, navigation & communication systems.
#Vikram32 #ISRO #IndigenousTechnology #UPSCPrelims #UPSCMains
📍About
✅ India’s first indigenously developed 32-bit processor for space applications.
✅ Developed by Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC); fabricated at ISRO Semiconductor Lab (SCL), Chandigarh.
📍Key Features
✅ Upgrade → Vikram-32 (Vikram 3201) succeeds Vikram 1601 (16-bit), in use since 2009.
✅ Technology → Custom Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) by ISRO.
✅ Supports floating-point computations & high-level programming in Ada language.
✅ Durability → Operates in extreme space conditions (-55°C to +125°C).
📍Validation
✅ First batch tested in space via PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM-4) on PSLV-C60 mission.
📍Significance
✅ Boosts indigenous self-reliance in advanced space electronics.
✅ Enhances ISRO’s capability in launch vehicles, satellites, navigation & communication systems.
#Vikram32 #ISRO #IndigenousTechnology #UPSCPrelims #UPSCMains
🔆 GST 2.0 – Reform for Young India
📍 Demographic Dividend
✅ 2/3rd of India <35 yrs → reform aligns with aspirations of youthful, consumption-driven economy.
✅ Simplified rates + insurance exemptions = stronger household purchasing power.
📍 Household Impact
✅ Private consumption = 60% of GDP.
✅ Lower taxes → higher disposable income → demand multiplier across health, education, housing, digital.
✅ Insurance exemption boosts financial protection culture.
📍 Support for Youth & Families
✅ Relief for EMIs, healthcare, education → long-term goals (home, education, security) more attainable.
✅ Removes barriers to insurance penetration.
📍 MSMEs & Entrepreneurs
✅ Simplified compliance → wider formalisation.
✅ 110M jobs supported; easier credit & supply chain visibility for startups.
📍 Virtuous Cycle of Growth
✅ Affordability → demand → investment → jobs → more demand.
✅ Creates self-sustaining growth aligned with youth-led consumption.
📍 Stability & Inclusivity
✅ Two-tier GST = predictability & trust for citizens & businesses.
✅ Inclusive reform ensuring demographic dividend isn’t wasted.
📍 Core Message
GST 2.0 = affordability, protection, entrepreneurship, stability → a fiscal foundation for India’s next growth phase.
#GSTReform #Youth #Economy
📍 Demographic Dividend
✅ 2/3rd of India <35 yrs → reform aligns with aspirations of youthful, consumption-driven economy.
✅ Simplified rates + insurance exemptions = stronger household purchasing power.
📍 Household Impact
✅ Private consumption = 60% of GDP.
✅ Lower taxes → higher disposable income → demand multiplier across health, education, housing, digital.
✅ Insurance exemption boosts financial protection culture.
📍 Support for Youth & Families
✅ Relief for EMIs, healthcare, education → long-term goals (home, education, security) more attainable.
✅ Removes barriers to insurance penetration.
📍 MSMEs & Entrepreneurs
✅ Simplified compliance → wider formalisation.
✅ 110M jobs supported; easier credit & supply chain visibility for startups.
📍 Virtuous Cycle of Growth
✅ Affordability → demand → investment → jobs → more demand.
✅ Creates self-sustaining growth aligned with youth-led consumption.
📍 Stability & Inclusivity
✅ Two-tier GST = predictability & trust for citizens & businesses.
✅ Inclusive reform ensuring demographic dividend isn’t wasted.
📍 Core Message
GST 2.0 = affordability, protection, entrepreneurship, stability → a fiscal foundation for India’s next growth phase.
#GSTReform #Youth #Economy
Phosphate Rock:
✅It is the natural source of phosphorus, an element that provides nutrients to plants for their growth and development.
✅Formation of phosphate rock: It is a sedimentary rock formed millions of years ago by the accumulation of organic matter on the ocean floor.
✅Geographical Distribution: Its reserves are found in Africa, North America, Kazakhstan, the Middle East and Oceania.
✅The world’s largest deposits are located in Morocco, which is also one of the global leaders in phosphate extraction.
✅Phosphorus in India: Phosphate rocks are majorly produced only from two States in India, namely Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
📍Uses of Phosphate
✅Rock phosphate is the key raw material for DAP and NPK fertilizers. Currently, India is 90% dependent on imports for this raw material.
✅Most of the phosphate rock mined throughout the world is used to produce phosphate fertilizer.
✅It is also used as animal feed supplements.
✅Industrial use: Elemental phosphorus and phosphoric chemicals derived from phosphate rocks find application in detergents, insecticides etc.
✅It is the natural source of phosphorus, an element that provides nutrients to plants for their growth and development.
✅Formation of phosphate rock: It is a sedimentary rock formed millions of years ago by the accumulation of organic matter on the ocean floor.
✅Geographical Distribution: Its reserves are found in Africa, North America, Kazakhstan, the Middle East and Oceania.
✅The world’s largest deposits are located in Morocco, which is also one of the global leaders in phosphate extraction.
✅Phosphorus in India: Phosphate rocks are majorly produced only from two States in India, namely Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
📍Uses of Phosphate
✅Rock phosphate is the key raw material for DAP and NPK fertilizers. Currently, India is 90% dependent on imports for this raw material.
✅Most of the phosphate rock mined throughout the world is used to produce phosphate fertilizer.
✅It is also used as animal feed supplements.
✅Industrial use: Elemental phosphorus and phosphoric chemicals derived from phosphate rocks find application in detergents, insecticides etc.
🔆 Eastern DRC Conflict: Peace Deals & Pitfalls
📍 Background
✅ June 27: Rwanda–DRC sign U.S.-brokered peace pact in Washington.
✅ July 19: DRC–M23 rebels sign Doha ceasefire (mediated by Qatar).
✅ Within days, M23 resumes offensive → peace fragile.
📍 Role of U.S. & Qatar
✅ U.S. Pact: Cessation of hostilities, no support for armed groups, Joint Security Coordination Mechanism, licit mineral trade framework.
✅ Qatar Deal: DRC & M23 agree to ceasefire, rebels promise withdrawal, DRC to release prisoners.
📍 U.S. Strategic Stakes
✅ Access to $24 trillion mineral reserves.
✅ DRC = 70% of global cobalt + rich in coltan, copper, diamonds, gold.
✅ Reduces China’s dominance in critical minerals.
📍 Challenges
✅ Ceasefire violated — M23 continues attacks in North & South Kivu.
✅ 140+ civilians killed (July, HRW report).
✅ No withdrawal by M23, no prisoner release by DRC.
📍 Implications for Peace
✅ U.S.–Qatar roles raise hopes but peace still elusive.
✅ Conflict rooted in 1994 Rwandan genocide, Congo wars, ethnic tensions.
✅ Without addressing historic causes + ethnic rivalries, deals remain temporary.
✅ Lasting peace needs comprehensive, inclusive process, not just mineral-driven pacts.
#IR #gs2 #mains
📍 Background
✅ June 27: Rwanda–DRC sign U.S.-brokered peace pact in Washington.
✅ July 19: DRC–M23 rebels sign Doha ceasefire (mediated by Qatar).
✅ Within days, M23 resumes offensive → peace fragile.
📍 Role of U.S. & Qatar
✅ U.S. Pact: Cessation of hostilities, no support for armed groups, Joint Security Coordination Mechanism, licit mineral trade framework.
✅ Qatar Deal: DRC & M23 agree to ceasefire, rebels promise withdrawal, DRC to release prisoners.
📍 U.S. Strategic Stakes
✅ Access to $24 trillion mineral reserves.
✅ DRC = 70% of global cobalt + rich in coltan, copper, diamonds, gold.
✅ Reduces China’s dominance in critical minerals.
📍 Challenges
✅ Ceasefire violated — M23 continues attacks in North & South Kivu.
✅ 140+ civilians killed (July, HRW report).
✅ No withdrawal by M23, no prisoner release by DRC.
📍 Implications for Peace
✅ U.S.–Qatar roles raise hopes but peace still elusive.
✅ Conflict rooted in 1994 Rwandan genocide, Congo wars, ethnic tensions.
✅ Without addressing historic causes + ethnic rivalries, deals remain temporary.
✅ Lasting peace needs comprehensive, inclusive process, not just mineral-driven pacts.
#IR #gs2 #mains
Consider the following statements regarding the Ramon Magsaysay Award:
1. It is considered Asia’s highest honor, often called the Asian Nobel Prize.
2. It is awarded annually.
3. Educate Girls is the first Indian organisation to receive the prestigious award.
1. It is considered Asia’s highest honor, often called the Asian Nobel Prize.
2. It is awarded annually.
3. Educate Girls is the first Indian organisation to receive the prestigious award.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
29%
(a) 1 and 2 only
27%
(b) 2 and 3 only
13%
(c) 1 and 3 only
31%
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Identify the layer of atmosphere from the given characteristics:
‘It is the densest part of atmosphere where all the weather phenomena occur and contains large parts of gases and water vapour.’
‘It is the densest part of atmosphere where all the weather phenomena occur and contains large parts of gases and water vapour.’
Anonymous Quiz
27%
Stratosphere
52%
Troposphere
17%
Mesosphere
3%
Exosphere
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🔆 IIM Ahmedabad Opens First Overseas Campus in Dubai
📍 Context
✅ Crown Prince of Dubai, H.H. Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, inaugurated the first-ever overseas campus of IIM Ahmedabad (IIMA) in Dubai (Sept 2025).
✅ Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan and UAE’s Acting Higher Education Minister Dr. Abdulrahman Abdulmannan Al Awar attended.
📍 Significance
✅ Marks India’s premier B-school’s global footprint expansion.
✅ Dubai provides an ideal launchpad for “Indian in Spirit, Global in Outlook” ethos.
✅ Strengthens India–UAE educational & knowledge collaboration.
📍 Vision
✅ Aligned with PM Modi’s goal of education globalization under NEP 2020.
✅ Campus aims to bring the best of Indian management education to the world.
✅ Enhances India’s soft power and global academic influence.
✨ #EducationDiplomacy #GlobalIndia
📍 Context
✅ Crown Prince of Dubai, H.H. Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, inaugurated the first-ever overseas campus of IIM Ahmedabad (IIMA) in Dubai (Sept 2025).
✅ Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan and UAE’s Acting Higher Education Minister Dr. Abdulrahman Abdulmannan Al Awar attended.
📍 Significance
✅ Marks India’s premier B-school’s global footprint expansion.
✅ Dubai provides an ideal launchpad for “Indian in Spirit, Global in Outlook” ethos.
✅ Strengthens India–UAE educational & knowledge collaboration.
📍 Vision
✅ Aligned with PM Modi’s goal of education globalization under NEP 2020.
✅ Campus aims to bring the best of Indian management education to the world.
✅ Enhances India’s soft power and global academic influence.
✨ #EducationDiplomacy #GlobalIndia
Which one of the following state will get connected witht the railway network for the first time with the launch of Bairabi-Sairang Railway Line?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
a) Nagaland
31%
b) Sikkim
43%
c) Mizoram
13%
d) Manipur
🔆 India to Host 89th General Meeting of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 2025
📍 Why in Focus?
India will host the 89th IEC General Meeting from 15–19 September 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, bringing together 2000+ experts from 100+ countries to set global electrotechnical standards.
📍 Key Highlights:
✅ India to serve as Global Secretariat for Standardisation in Low Voltage Direct Current (LVDC) – vital for clean, efficient energy solutions.
✅ IEC represents 170 countries, covering 99% of world population & 20% of global trade.
✅ Focus areas: sustainable electrification, AI innovation, e-mobility, smart manufacturing.
✅ India to showcase electric mobility, IT manufacturing, smart lighting & provide networking for start-ups.
✅ IEC Young Professionals Programme to train global youth in standardisation & technology leadership.
📍 Implications:
✅ Strengthens India’s role as a “sustainability champion” in global clean energy standards.
✅ Boosts domestic start-ups, innovation ecosystem, and green technology leadership.
✅ Enhances India’s soft power in technology governance.
✨ #EnergyTransition #GlobalGovernance
📍 Why in Focus?
India will host the 89th IEC General Meeting from 15–19 September 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, bringing together 2000+ experts from 100+ countries to set global electrotechnical standards.
📍 Key Highlights:
✅ India to serve as Global Secretariat for Standardisation in Low Voltage Direct Current (LVDC) – vital for clean, efficient energy solutions.
✅ IEC represents 170 countries, covering 99% of world population & 20% of global trade.
✅ Focus areas: sustainable electrification, AI innovation, e-mobility, smart manufacturing.
✅ India to showcase electric mobility, IT manufacturing, smart lighting & provide networking for start-ups.
✅ IEC Young Professionals Programme to train global youth in standardisation & technology leadership.
📍 Implications:
✅ Strengthens India’s role as a “sustainability champion” in global clean energy standards.
✅ Boosts domestic start-ups, innovation ecosystem, and green technology leadership.
✅ Enhances India’s soft power in technology governance.
✅ Mains Question:
“Discuss the significance of India hosting the 89th International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) General Meeting for its leadership in global standardisation and sustainable technology.” (150 words)
✨ #EnergyTransition #GlobalGovernance