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🔆 Nobel Prize 2025: Redefining the Immune System
📍 Context
✅ The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine was awarded for discoveries transforming understanding of autoimmune regulation.
✅ Laureates: Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell & Shimon Sakaguchi — pioneers who identified regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and the FOXP3 gene.
📍 Key Findings
✅ FOXP3 acts as a molecular switch for immune self-tolerance.
✅ Mutations in FOXP3 cause autoimmune collapse, proving its central role in immune regulation.
✅ Their discoveries revealed how the immune system balances activation and restraint, preventing self-destruction.
📍 Applications
✅ Treg-based therapies are being tested to treat autoimmune diseases, improve graft acceptance, and enhance cancer immunity without triggering autoimmunity.
✅ Highlights how private-sector research (Celltech Chiroscience) can drive major biomedical breakthroughs.
📘 Challenges
✅ Translating these insights into affordable, scalable cell therapies remains difficult due to high costs and ethical issues.
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