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🔆 Nobel Prize 2025: Redefining the Immune System

📍 Context
✅ The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine was awarded for discoveries transforming understanding of autoimmune regulation.
✅ Laureates: Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell & Shimon Sakaguchi — pioneers who identified regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and the FOXP3 gene.

📍 Key Findings
✅ FOXP3 acts as a molecular switch for immune self-tolerance.
✅ Mutations in FOXP3 cause autoimmune collapse, proving its central role in immune regulation.
✅ Their discoveries revealed how the immune system balances activation and restraint, preventing self-destruction.

📍 Applications
✅ Treg-based therapies are being tested to treat autoimmune diseases, improve graft acceptance, and enhance cancer immunity without triggering autoimmunity.
✅ Highlights how private-sector research (Celltech Chiroscience) can drive major biomedical breakthroughs.

📘 Challenges
✅ Translating these insights into affordable, scalable cell therapies remains difficult due to high costs and ethical issues.

#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology

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Create: 2025-10-07
Last Update: 2025-10-17 18:56:37

🔆 Nobel Prize 2025: Redefining the Immune System

📍 Context
✅ The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine was awarded for discoveries transforming understanding of autoimmune regulation.
✅ Laureates: Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell & Shimon Sakaguchi — pioneers who identified regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and the FOXP3 gene.

📍 Key Findings
✅ FOXP3 acts as a molecular switch for immune self-tolerance.
✅ Mutations in FOXP3 cause autoimmune collapse, proving its central role in immune regulation.
✅ Their discoveries revealed how the immune system balances activation and restraint, preventing self-destruction.

📍 Applications
✅ Treg-based therapies are being tested to treat autoimmune diseases, improve graft acceptance, and enhance cancer immunity without triggering autoimmunity.
✅ Highlights how private-sector research (Celltech Chiroscience) can drive major biomedical breakthroughs.

📘 Challenges
✅ Translating these insights into affordable, scalable cell therapies remains difficult due to high costs and ethical issues.

#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology

Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology

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Date: 2025-10-17|

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