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🫖🪴Major Environmental Conventions
🍬 Ramsar Convention
It is called the Convention on Wetlands.
It was adopted in 1971 in the city of ‘Ramsar’ in Iran.
Enforced in 1975.
🍬 Bonn Convention
It is a convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals.
It was adopted in 1979.
Enforced in 1983.
🍬 Vienna Convention
Related to the protection of the ozone layer.
Adopted in 1985.
Enforced in 1988.
🍬 Montreal Protocol
An international environmental protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.
Adopted in 1987.
Enforced in 1989.
🍬Basel Convention
Related to the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal.
Adopted in 1989.
Enforced in 1992.
🍬 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Related to conservation of biodiversity.
Adopted in 1992.
Enforced in 1993.
🍬Rotterdam Convention
Related to prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade.
Adopted in 1998.
Enforced in 2004.
🍬 Kigali Convention
Related to ozone depletion (Amendment to the Montreal Protocol).
Adopted in 2016.
Enforced in 2019.
🍬Cartagena Protocol
It is an international environmental protocol on biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Adopted in 2000.
Enforced in 2003.
🍬Stockholm Convention
Related to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
Adopted in 2001 at Geneva, Switzerland.
Enforced in 2004.
🍬Nagoya Protocol
Related to access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization (ABS)
Adopted in 2010. Enforced in 2014.
🍬Kyoto Protocol
Related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Adopted in 1997.
Enforced in 2005.
🍬Minamata Convention
To protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury.
Adopted in 2013.
Enforced in 2017.
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