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Susan was born into this context in 1865, as the Omaha people were still adjusting to this new chapter in their history. She was the youngest daughter of Iron Eye, one of the last formally recognized chiefs, and his wife, Mary Gale. Iron Eye believed that America was rapidly changing and that Native Americans needed to integrate into the more dominant society around them; that the tribe’s future would depend on education and adaptability. So he made sure that Susan and her siblings learned English, attended school, and understood the American world. Yet at home, the family remained firmly rooted in their own culture. They spoke the Omaha language, attended tribal gatherings, and told their ancestral stories.
By her teens, Susan had shown a remarkable intelligence. Her teachers saw it, and so did the leaders of the Presbyterian missionary organizations that supported the education of Native students. With their help, she left the reservation to attend school in New Jersey, where she was the only Native student in her class. Which wasn’t easy. There she encountered “praise” for her supposedly “civilized” manners. Still, she excelled in her studies.
Vocabulary:
integrate – join into a larger society
dominant society – the most powerful cultural group
rooted in – strongly connected to
tribal gatherings – group meetings of the community
ancestral – related to ancestors
remarkable intelligence – exceptional intelligence
missionary organizations – religious groups involved in education
encountered – came across, faced
civilized manners – behavior considered polite by outsiders
excelled – performed extremely well
BY BM | IELTS 9.0

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