☮️ Happy International Day of Peace!
The Hittite version of the Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty (Treaty of Kadesh), discovered at Boğazköy (Turkey), 1258 BCE. The Treaty of Kadesh holds the distinction as the world's first peace treaty. (Istanbul Archeology Museum).
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The Hittite version of the Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty (Treaty of Kadesh), discovered at Boğazköy (Turkey), 1258 BCE. The Treaty of Kadesh holds the distinction as the world's first peace treaty. (Istanbul Archeology Museum).
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Minted in the #AncientGreek city-state #Athens between 550-546 BCE., this silver coin depicts a #Gorgon's head, a symbolic ward against evil also known as a "gorgoneion." On the reverse, not pictured here, is stamped a square divided into four triangles.
#Medusa is perhaps the most recognisable Gorgon from #Greek #mythology. She was the only mortal of the three Gorgons, along with her immortal sisters, Stheno and Euryale. The three Gorgons were born to the sea god of the dangers of the hidden deep, Phorcys, and the goddess of sea monsters and the dangers of the sea, Ceto.
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#Medusa is perhaps the most recognisable Gorgon from #Greek #mythology. She was the only mortal of the three Gorgons, along with her immortal sisters, Stheno and Euryale. The three Gorgons were born to the sea god of the dangers of the hidden deep, Phorcys, and the goddess of sea monsters and the dangers of the sea, Ceto.
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⚔️ The Mercenary War, or Truceless War, was a brutal conflict fought between Carthage and its mutinous soldiers from 241 to 237 BCE, during a lull in the Punic Wars. When Carthage's mercenary soldiers were denied the payment that they had been promised, they revolted, leading to a large-scale rebellion supported by several North African settlements.
The Carthaginians initially fared poorly against the rebels, but their luck turned around under the generalship of Hamilcar Barca (circa 275-228 BCE), who scored several decisive victories.
Though Carthage ultimately won the war, it was left in a weakened condition, allowing Rome to take advantage by seizing control of Sardinia and Corsica, thereby paving the way for the Second Punic War (218-201 BCE).
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The Carthaginians initially fared poorly against the rebels, but their luck turned around under the generalship of Hamilcar Barca (circa 275-228 BCE), who scored several decisive victories.
Though Carthage ultimately won the war, it was left in a weakened condition, allowing Rome to take advantage by seizing control of Sardinia and Corsica, thereby paving the way for the Second Punic War (218-201 BCE).
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🗺️ A map illustrating the rise and extent of the Mali Empire (c. 1235 - 1672) as it reached its height in the 13th century as one of the most powerful and wealthy states in West Africa.
Spanning a vast territory that included modern-day Mali, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, and Mauritania, the Mali Empire was renowned for its abundant gold reserves and control over trans-Saharan trade routes.
Under leaders like Mansa Musa, the Mali Empire became one of the wealthiest empires in the world, known for its grand cities, such as Timbuktu and Gao, and its patronage of Islamic scholarship, art, and architecture. Its efficient administration, strong centralized government, and skilled military forces bolstered the empire's prosperity and influence.
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Spanning a vast territory that included modern-day Mali, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, and Mauritania, the Mali Empire was renowned for its abundant gold reserves and control over trans-Saharan trade routes.
Under leaders like Mansa Musa, the Mali Empire became one of the wealthiest empires in the world, known for its grand cities, such as Timbuktu and Gao, and its patronage of Islamic scholarship, art, and architecture. Its efficient administration, strong centralized government, and skilled military forces bolstered the empire's prosperity and influence.
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👑 Pisistratus (circa 600-527 BCE), or Peisistratus, was an ancient Greek tyrant who ruled the city-state of Athens. Initially a student of the lawgiver and political philosopher Solon, Pisistratus presented himself as the champion of the poor, disenfranchised masses of Athens, and used their support to seize power in 560 BCE. Though he was ousted from the city five years later, he was twice reinstated and came to power for the third and final time in 546 BCE.
He ruled as a tyrant, which, in the ancient Greek context, did not necessarily carry the negative connotation it has today, but merely referred to a ruler with near absolute power.
As tyrant, he appeased the poor by granting them new farmlands and spent the final years of his rule developing the city of Athens itself, facilitating the growth of trade, religion, and culture. When he died in 527 BCE, he was succeeded to the tyranny by his two sons, the Pisistratids.
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He ruled as a tyrant, which, in the ancient Greek context, did not necessarily carry the negative connotation it has today, but merely referred to a ruler with near absolute power.
As tyrant, he appeased the poor by granting them new farmlands and spent the final years of his rule developing the city of Athens itself, facilitating the growth of trade, religion, and culture. When he died in 527 BCE, he was succeeded to the tyranny by his two sons, the Pisistratids.
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World’s History
👑 Pisistratus (circa 600-527 BCE), or Peisistratus, was an ancient Greek tyrant who ruled the city-state of Athens. Initially a student of the lawgiver and political philosopher Solon, Pisistratus presented himself as the champion of the poor, disenfranchised…
Not much is known about Pisistratus' early life, except that he was born in the deme of Philaidae in eastern Attica to a man named Hippocrates, sometime around the year 600 BCE. According to Herodotus (circa 484 to 425/413 BCE), Pisistratus' father went to the Olympic Games as a spectator a few years before his son's birth (probably in 608 or 604 BCE), where he made a sacrifice to the gods.
During the sacrifice, the cauldrons that had been filled with the meat and water boiled and overflowed, even though the fire had not yet been lit. This was witnessed by Chilon of Sparta, who took Hippocrates aside and told him that this was a divine omen.
He warned Hippocrates to avoid bringing a childbearing wife into his household and to send her away if he already had one. At the very least, Chilon told him that he must avoid having a son and must immediately disown any son that might be born to him. Hippocrates, of course, did not heed Chilon's advice.
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During the sacrifice, the cauldrons that had been filled with the meat and water boiled and overflowed, even though the fire had not yet been lit. This was witnessed by Chilon of Sparta, who took Hippocrates aside and told him that this was a divine omen.
He warned Hippocrates to avoid bringing a childbearing wife into his household and to send her away if he already had one. At the very least, Chilon told him that he must avoid having a son and must immediately disown any son that might be born to him. Hippocrates, of course, did not heed Chilon's advice.
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Passmore Williamson (1822-1895) was a Quaker #abolitionist, successful #businessman, and member of the Underground Railroad in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Williamson helped many slaves gain #freedom, among them Henry Box Brown (circa 1815 to 1897), but is best known for the #liberation of Jane Johnson (circa 1814/1827 to 1872) in July 1855 and his subsequent imprisonment, which made him a national #celebrity.
Williamson was charged with contempt of court and sentenced to 100 days in Moyamensing Prison. #Friends sent him gifts and all the comforts of home for his #prison cell, and he granted interviews on the Jane Johnson escape and the evils of slavery to anyone who asked. By the time he was freed, on 3 November 1855, his name was known #nationwide, and his unjust imprisonment further escalated tensions between the free states of the North and the slave states of the South, leading up to the #American #CivilWar.
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Williamson was charged with contempt of court and sentenced to 100 days in Moyamensing Prison. #Friends sent him gifts and all the comforts of home for his #prison cell, and he granted interviews on the Jane Johnson escape and the evils of slavery to anyone who asked. By the time he was freed, on 3 November 1855, his name was known #nationwide, and his unjust imprisonment further escalated tensions between the free states of the North and the slave states of the South, leading up to the #American #CivilWar.
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🛡️Scene from the Shield of Hercules. Zeus separates Athena and Ares while Cycnus (far right) runs away from Hercules, who approaches in his chariot (only the horses are visible, far left). Attic black-figured volute-krater, ca 540–510 BCE.
📷 Photo by Jastrow.
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📷 Photo by Jastrow.
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Step back in time to the 1960s, a true "Golden Age of Air Travel."
First-class cabins were designed with the luxury of express trains and ocean liners in mind, featuring spacious seating and impeccable service. With a high stewardess-to-passenger ratio, gourmet meals, and complimentary drinks, the journey was just as elegant as the destination.
It was an era where flying was an art form.
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First-class cabins were designed with the luxury of express trains and ocean liners in mind, featuring spacious seating and impeccable service. With a high stewardess-to-passenger ratio, gourmet meals, and complimentary drinks, the journey was just as elegant as the destination.
It was an era where flying was an art form.
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#OTD in #history, Pompey was born. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, also known as #Pompey or Pompey the Great, was a military leader and politician during the fall of the Roman Republic. He was born in 106 BCE and died on 28th September 48 BCE. In 60BCE, Pompey formed the first triumvirate (which in itself is a modern, rather than ancient term) with #JuliusCaesar and Crassus, arguably the three most politically influential and powerful men in #Rome (especially when their efforts were combined).
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A farmer from Grand Peksely in Kasimovsky County, Ryazan Province, poses proudly with his sons in 1910, capturing a glimpse of rural life in the Russian Empire.
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⚔️ On this day in 331 BCE: Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
The Battle of Gaugamela (also known as the Battle of Arbela) was the final meeting between Alexander the Great of Macedon and King Darius III of Persia. After this victory, Alexander was, without question, the King of all Asia. Gaugamela (means "The Camel's House") was a village on the banks of the river Bumodus. The site of the battle is thought to be Tel Gomel (Hebrew - "Camels Mount") in northern Iraq.
Following the assassination of Phillip II, his father, in 336 BCE, Alexander and his army left their home of Macedonia for the last time and set out on a goal of conquering all of Persia.
Alexander had planned to march straight to Babylon, but when he learned of Darius' presence at Gaugamela, he turned northward to meet the waiting Persian king. He realized a victory at Gaugamela meant all of Persia - Babylon, Persepolis, and Susa - would be his.
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The Battle of Gaugamela (also known as the Battle of Arbela) was the final meeting between Alexander the Great of Macedon and King Darius III of Persia. After this victory, Alexander was, without question, the King of all Asia. Gaugamela (means "The Camel's House") was a village on the banks of the river Bumodus. The site of the battle is thought to be Tel Gomel (Hebrew - "Camels Mount") in northern Iraq.
Following the assassination of Phillip II, his father, in 336 BCE, Alexander and his army left their home of Macedonia for the last time and set out on a goal of conquering all of Persia.
Alexander had planned to march straight to Babylon, but when he learned of Darius' presence at Gaugamela, he turned northward to meet the waiting Persian king. He realized a victory at Gaugamela meant all of Persia - Babylon, Persepolis, and Susa - would be his.
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The #ImmortalTen were a group of abolitionists from #Kansas Territory (where slavery was hotly contested) who slipped across the #MissouriRiver into St. Joseph, #Missouri (a slave state) and, on 23 July 1859, freed their friend and fellow abolitionist, Dr. John Doy, from jail just prior to his planned transport to the Missouri State Penitentiary to serve five years at hard labor for 'slave stealing.'
The rescue of Doy, a conductor on the #UndergroundRailroad, was seen as a great victory by the #abolitionists of Lawrence, Kansas – who gave the men their name, "The Immortal Ten" – but to the slaveholders of Missouri and pro-slavery advocates of Kansas, Doy's escape from 'justice' solidified their already staunch belief that abolitionists were un-American, rebellious troublemakers.
The Ten were Major James B. Abbott, Captain Joshua A. Pike, Jacob Senix, Joseph Gardener, Thomas Simmons, S.J. Willis, Charles Doy, Captain John E. Stuart (Stewart), Silas Soule, and George R. Hay.
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The rescue of Doy, a conductor on the #UndergroundRailroad, was seen as a great victory by the #abolitionists of Lawrence, Kansas – who gave the men their name, "The Immortal Ten" – but to the slaveholders of Missouri and pro-slavery advocates of Kansas, Doy's escape from 'justice' solidified their already staunch belief that abolitionists were un-American, rebellious troublemakers.
The Ten were Major James B. Abbott, Captain Joshua A. Pike, Jacob Senix, Joseph Gardener, Thomas Simmons, S.J. Willis, Charles Doy, Captain John E. Stuart (Stewart), Silas Soule, and George R. Hay.
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