🔆 Kerala Seeks Amnesty Scheme for Wildlife Trophy Declaration

📍 What’s Proposed?
✅ Kerala plans to request the Centre for an amnesty scheme allowing people to declare wildlife trophies in their custody, last permitted in 2003.
✅ As per Section 40 of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, undeclared trophies are illegal.

📍 Who’s Eligible?
✅ Legal heirs with valid ownership licenses issued by the Forest Department.
✅ Only trophies inherited, not illegally acquired.

📍 Penalties
✅ Conviction may lead to 3–7 years jail + ₹25,000 fine.

📍 Centre’s Role
✅ Final approval lies with the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change.

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🔆 Climate Change: Sensitivity, Adaptability and Vulnerability

✅ Sensitivity:
- Sensitivity refers to the extent a system is impacted by climate-related changes.
- It includes the response to changes in temperature or extreme weather events (e.g., crop yield changes due to temperature or coastal flooding due to sea level rise).

✅ Adaptive Capacity:
- Adaptive capacity refers to a system's ability to adjust to climate change, including variability and extremes.
- This ability helps to manage potential damage and take advantage of opportunities or cope with the effects of climate changes.

✅ Vulnerability:
- Vulnerability describes the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change.
- It depends on the magnitude, rate, and variation of climate change and its sensitivity and adaptive capacity.

📍 Conclusion:
- Sensitivity, adaptability, and vulnerability form the three key factors that determine how a system will respond to climate change, with each factor influencing the overall resilience of the system.

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🔆 Cooking Oils Help Extract Silver from E-Waste

📍 Scientists found that fatty acids in cooking oils (like sunflower or groundnut oil) can recover silver from e-waste like old phones and computer parts.
✅ A mobile phone contains up to 200 mg of silver; laptops even more.
✅ This eco-friendly method avoids toxic chemicals and helps recycle precious metals from discarded electronics.

🔆 MV Wan Hai 503 Fire: Ship Towed Away from Coast

📍 The Singapore-flagged ship Wan Hai 503, which caught fire off the Kerala coast, is now stable and being towed away by the Indian Navy and Coast Guard.
✅ Ship still tilted, smoke continues.
✅ Containers may reach Kerala shores (Ernakulam, Alappuzha, Kollam) between Monday and Wednesday.
✅ Public warned to maintain 200m distance from debris.

🔆 New AC Temperature Norms Proposed to Save Energy

📍 Union Power Minister Manohar Lal Khattar proposed limiting AC temperature range to 20–28°C, building on BEE’s 2018 guidelines.
✅ Aim: Energy conservation through optimal temperature use in public and commercial buildings.
✅ India’s AC power demand could reach 200 GW by 2030.
✅ Default AC setting is already 24°C in government guidelines.

🔆 Who’s Responsible When a Ship Sinks?

📍 Recent Kerala coast incidents: MV Wan Hai 503 (June 9) and MSC ELSA (May 25).
✅ IMO regulates global shipping rules via conventions like SOLAS and HNS, covering safety, pollution, and compensation.
✅ Shipowners are liable for cargo loss and environmental damage.
✅ India may ratify more conventions as shipping accidents rise.

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🔆 Ocean Pollution: A Global Environmental Threat

📍 What is Ocean Pollution?
Ocean pollution refers to the introduction of plastics, toxic metals, chemicals, and agricultural runoff into marine ecosystems, leading to ecological imbalance and human health risks.

📍 Key Impacts

✅ Microplastics Menace
• Account for 80% of ocean debris
• Ingested by marine animals, reaching humans via seafood
• Detected at 100m depth, disrupting the carbon cycle
📖 Source: Nature (2023)

✅ Harmed Marine Life
• Ingestion leads to reduced feeding and poor health
• Pollutants destroy habitats, threaten biodiversity

✅ Oxygen Depletion
• Decomposing waste consumes oxygen, suffocating marine life

✅ Risks to Human Health
• Contaminated seafood
• Toxic aerosols from sea spray may affect coastal populations

📍 Mitigation Measures

✅ Climate Change Action
• Cut greenhouse gas emissions to ease ocean stress

✅ Enhanced Monitoring
• Invest in data, satellite tech to track oxygen levels & pollution sources

✅ Awareness & Behaviour Change
• Public education to reduce plastic use & marine dumping

📍 Global Action & Treaties

✅ MARPOL – Regulates pollution from ships
✅ UNCLOS – Ensures sustainable ocean governance
✅ High Seas Treaty (BBNJ Agreement, 2023)
• Adopted under UNCLOS
• Focus: Conserve marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction
• Targets: Reduce pollution, support sustainable use of high seas resources

📍 Fact Sheet

✅ Plastic = 80% of all marine pollution
✅ 8–10 million metric tons/year plastic enters oceans
✅ By 2050, plastic could outweigh all fish
📖 Source: UNESCO, Environmental Studies

#environment

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🔆The International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)
✅The IBCA was established through the nodal organisation viz. National Tiger Conservation Authority, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change 2024.
✅The IBCA became a legal entity after five countries—Nicaragua, Eswatini, India, Somalia, and Liberia—had signed the Framework Agreement to formally become members of the IBCA.
✅It is a coalition of 95 range countries.
✅The IBCA primarily aims for conservation of seven big cats namely Tiger, Lion, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Cheetah, Jaguar and Puma.
Objectives: 
✅Facilitation of collaboration and synergy amongst the concerned stakeholders, 
🔸consolidation of successful conservation practices;
🔸and expertise to achieve conservation of big cats around the globe.
✅The initiative seeks to foster international collaboration for the sustainable future of big cats, as well as underscores India’s leadership and commitment to global wildlife conservation

📍2025 Summit Outcome:
✅First General Assembly Held: The inaugural Assembly of IBCA convened in New Delhi on June 16, 2025, marking a global milestone in big cat diplomacy.
✅Nine Nations Participated: Countries like Bhutan, Cambodia, Eswatini, and Kazakhstan joined India to discuss collaborative conservation goals.
✅India Designated as HQ: The Headquarters Agreement was ratified, formally establishing India as the permanent secretariat of IBCA.
✅Bhupender Yadav Elected President: India’s Environment Minister was unanimously endorsed as the first President of the Alliance, reflecting India’s leadership.
✅Funding Commitment by India: India allocated ₹150 crore (2023–28) to support IBCA’s initial setup, coordination, and capacity building efforts globally.

🔆 Key Takeaways: Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) Units in India

📍 🧪 What Are FGD Units?
✅ FGD units remove SO₂ from flue gas—SO₂ is acidic, and FGDs neutralise it using basic compounds.
✅ Three main types:
 • Dry sorbent injection – powdered limestone reacts with SO₂; residue filtered.
 • Wet limestone treatment – limestone slurry used; highly efficient and widely used.
 • Seawater scrubbing – used in coastal plants, seawater absorbs SO₂, treated before discharge.

📍 🇮🇳 India’s Current Status
✅ 2015: Environment Ministry mandated FGDs in all 537 coal-fired TPPs.
✅ As of August 2024, only 39 units had FGDs installed.
✅ By April 2025, India’s coal-based power capacity was 2,19,338 MW—46% of total electricity capacity.

📍 💰 Cost & Policy Implications
✅ Installation cost: approx. ₹1.2 crore/MW.
✅ Estimated cost for 97,000 MW: ₹97,000 crore.
✅ Tariffs may increase by ₹0.72/kWh, largely due to fixed costs (over 80%).
✅ Variable cost rise remains under ₹0.1/kWh.

📍 🌱 Environmental & Health Impact
✅ SO₂ contributes to global warming and respiratory issues.
✅ Leads to secondary particulate matter (PM) formation—80% of PM linked to SO₂ from coal burning.

📍 ⚠️ No Viable Alternatives
✅ Experts affirm: no substitute for FGDs to remove SO₂ from coal emissions.
✅ Urgent compliance needed to avoid further delays and health costs.

#environment

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