banyak sangat kes yang berlaku melibatkan pelajar sekolah

i think sekarang akak kena speak up benda ni ...

since we're and we used to be student

kepada pelajar pelajar diluar sana , terutama perempuan. jaga la diri awak. tak kisah dekat sekolah ke dekat luar. be careful. sekolah yang sepatutnya jadi tempat paling selamat selepas rumah , pada akhirnya jadi tempat yang menyeramkan.

kes bunuh , ro*ol , cabul , buli dan sebagainya sangat sangat berleluasa

Komen

oke , after this kita speak up lagi ya! join class duluu

🧪 “Chemistry Made Less Painful (SPM Edition)” (DLP)
1. Materials and Their Uses

#Everything around us is made of materials.

3 main types: metals, non-metals, and compounds.

Metals → shiny, strong, conduct heat & electricity (eg: iron, copper).

Non-metals → dull, brittle, insulators (eg: carbon, sulfur).

Compounds → formed when two or more elements combine chemically (eg: NaCl, H₂O).

💡 Question: What’s the difference between metals and non-metals?
→ Metals can conduct heat and electricity; non-metals can’t.

2. Atomic Structure

#An atom is the smallest particle of matter.

It has protons (+), neutrons (no charge), and electrons (–).

Proton number = atomic number.

Proton + neutron = nucleon number.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons (eg: C-12, C-14).

💡 Question: What are isotopes?
→ Same element, same proton number, different neutron number.

3. Periodic Table of Elements

#Arranged by increasing proton number.

Group = vertical column (same valence electrons).

Period = horizontal row (same number of shells).

Group 1: Alkali metals — very reactive.

Group 18: Noble gases — very stable.

💡 Example:
Na, K, Li → alkali metals.
He, Ne, Ar → noble gases.

💡 Question: Why are noble gases stable?
→ Because they have a full outer shell of electrons.

4. Chemical Bonds

Ionic bond: transfer of electrons (metal + non-metal).

Covalent bond: sharing of electrons (non-metal + non-metal).

Metallic bond: sea of electrons between metal atoms.

💡 Example:
NaCl → ionic bond.
H₂O → covalent bond.

💡 Question: Draw the Lewis structure for water.
→ O in the center, shares two pairs of electrons with two H atoms.

5. Acids, Alkalis, and Salts

Acid: produces H⁺ ions in water, pH < 7.

Alkali: produces OH⁻ ions in water, pH > 7.

Neutralization: acid + alkali → salt + water.

💡 Example:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O

💡 Question: What is produced when sulfuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?
→ Sodium sulfate and water.

6. Electrolysis

Breaking down a compound using electricity.

Anode (+) = positive electrode.

Cathode (–) = negative electrode.

Positive ions move to cathode, negative ions to anode.

💡 Example:
Electrolysis of water → hydrogen (at cathode) and oxygen (at anode).

💡 Question: Which gas forms at the cathode during electrolysis of water?
→ Hydrogen gas.

7. Chemical Reactions

Law of Conservation of Mass: total mass before = total mass after reaction.

Common types of reactions:

Decomposition (break down)

Combination (join together)

Displacement (replacement)

Combustion (burning)

💡 Example: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
💡 Question: What type of reaction is this?
→ Combination reaction.

8. Carbon and Its Compounds

Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen.

Alkanes: single bonds, formula CnH₂n+₂ (eg: CH₄).

Alkenes: have a double bond, formula CnH₂n (eg: C₂H₄).

💡 Question: What’s the difference between alkanes and alkenes?
→ Alkanes are saturated, alkenes are unsaturated (double bond).

9. Energy and Chemistry

Exothermic reactions: release heat.

Endothermic reactions: absorb heat.

💡 Examples:
Exothermic → combustion, neutralization.
Endothermic → photosynthesis, dissolving ammonium nitrate.

💡 Question: What type of reaction gives out heat?
→ Exothermic reaction.

10. Industrial Chemistry

Important industrial processes:

Haber Process: makes ammonia (N₂ + H₂ → NH₃).

Contact Process: makes sulfuric acid.

Electrolysis of brine: produces NaOH, Cl₂, and H₂.

💡 Question: What are the raw materials in the Haber Process?
→ Nitrogen and hydrogen.

hellooo , ade yg masih terjaga ke time ii gini ?

i am

Good mornings semua

ada sch yang dah pdpr ke?

tengok muka dia pun macam orang tak betul dah ☺️ semoga mendiang pelajar perempuan tu berada dikalangan orang yang baik dan semoga pembunuh tu dapat balasan setimpal!!!

korang kalau ade ape ii soalan math yg tak faham tanye sini tau , kalau segan nak pm pun bolehhhh