Myxedema seen in patients with hypothyroidism، generation of excessive tissue gel in the interstitial fluid, this is a type of nonpitting edema
Nerdy med students
Grave’s disease an autoimmune disorder in which a TSH-like immunoglobulin binds to the TSH receptors
Characterized by goiter (thyroid enlargement) and exophthalmos (protruding eye)
Nerdy med students
Grave’s disease an autoimmune disorder in which a TSH-like immunoglobulin binds to the TSH receptors
Known in the arab world as مرض أن كلثوم
Forwarded from 0/0 (Haidar A. Fahad)
Nerdy med students
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On the complexity of the body
We imagine the human body to be made of separate parts and discrete systems. But this is only for the sake of simplicity, since every organ is connected to every other organ. The human body functions as a whole and malfunctions as a whole.
This is what makes medicine and biology notoriously difficult and filled with mysteries and ambiguities, because the physician (who's a biologist at core) has to keep in mind the myriad connections that bind each body part to others, and trace the problem (the symptoms) to the original source of it (the malfunctioning organ).
The thyroid is a notorious example: it's a small gland in the neck, yet it controls the metabolism of the entire body, which is why when it becomes overactive (hyperthyroidism) it leads to widespread problems; palpitations, heat intolerance, diarrhea, weight loss, and anxiety. The patient presents with one of these problems, and it's the physician's task (and challenge) to trace the problem to the roots, which are often entangled and entertwined beyond recognition.
Another example is shortness of breath. A patient with shortness of breath could potentially have a problem in his lungs; asthma, infection, air outside the lungs, ...etc. Or a thyroid tumor pressing on his windpipe. He could also be suffering from heart, kidney, or liver failure causing fluid to accumulate there. Or he could be suffering from a blood problem like anemia.
Pre-eclampsia is another example as it can present with headache, abdominal pain, protein in the urine, seizure (thence it becomes eclampsia), or the mother may be unaffected yet the fetus is deteriorating. And chronic kidney disease hits the bones, immunity, sexual function, and the heart together.
So it is the case that in many diseases, virtually every system can be involved and every organ can be the cause. This is what makes medicine so complex and error so possible. And this is why a major part of studying medicine involves distinguishing between very different diseases presenting with very similar complaints.
We imagine the human body to be made of separate parts and discrete systems. But this is only for the sake of simplicity, since every organ is connected to every other organ. The human body functions as a whole and malfunctions as a whole.
This is what makes medicine and biology notoriously difficult and filled with mysteries and ambiguities, because the physician (who's a biologist at core) has to keep in mind the myriad connections that bind each body part to others, and trace the problem (the symptoms) to the original source of it (the malfunctioning organ).
The thyroid is a notorious example: it's a small gland in the neck, yet it controls the metabolism of the entire body, which is why when it becomes overactive (hyperthyroidism) it leads to widespread problems; palpitations, heat intolerance, diarrhea, weight loss, and anxiety. The patient presents with one of these problems, and it's the physician's task (and challenge) to trace the problem to the roots, which are often entangled and entertwined beyond recognition.
Another example is shortness of breath. A patient with shortness of breath could potentially have a problem in his lungs; asthma, infection, air outside the lungs, ...etc. Or a thyroid tumor pressing on his windpipe. He could also be suffering from heart, kidney, or liver failure causing fluid to accumulate there. Or he could be suffering from a blood problem like anemia.
Pre-eclampsia is another example as it can present with headache, abdominal pain, protein in the urine, seizure (thence it becomes eclampsia), or the mother may be unaffected yet the fetus is deteriorating. And chronic kidney disease hits the bones, immunity, sexual function, and the heart together.
So it is the case that in many diseases, virtually every system can be involved and every organ can be the cause. This is what makes medicine so complex and error so possible. And this is why a major part of studying medicine involves distinguishing between very different diseases presenting with very similar complaints.
I don’t know what HD means
But my doctor says i have 80 of them
But my doctor says i have 80 of them