Correct Answer - B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Anemia

Most common cause → Severe bleeding (25%).
Second most common cause → Anemia (19%).
Third most common cause → Infection/Sepsis (15%).

Direct cause of maternal mortality in India
Severe bleeding (25%)
Infection (15%)
Eclampsia (12%)
Obstructed labour (8%)
Unsafe abortion (13%)
Other direct causes → Ectopic pregnancy, Embolism, Anaesthesia
related.

Indirect causes contribute
Anaemia (19%)
Malaria
Heart diseases

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Correct Answer - C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Water

Rabies is primarily a zoonotic disease of warm-blooded animals,
particularly carnivorous such as dogs, Cats, Jackals and wolves.

It is transmitted to man usually by bites or licks of rabid animals.

It is the communicable disease which is always fatal.

Rabies is an enzootic and epizootic disease of world-wide importance.

Geographic boundries play an important role in the distribution of
rabies.

Water appears to be the most effective natural barriers to rabies → So, In India, Lakshadweep and Andman & Nicobar islands are free
of the disease.

A Rabies free area has been defined as one in which no case of
indigenously acquired rabies has occurred in man or any animal
species for 2 years.

Countries where rabies is not found → Australia, china (Taiwan),
Cyprus, Iceland, Ireland, Malta, Japan, Newzealand, Britain.

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Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., A. aegypti [Ref Park 22"/e p. 225]

Dengue fever is caused by arboviruses (at least 4 serotypes have been recognized)

It is transmitted by Aedes (Aedes aegypti is the main vector).

The reservoir of infection is both man and mosquito.

The transmission cycle is Man-mosquito-man
Dengue fever occurs both epidemically and endemically.

Epidemics starts in rainy season and are usually explosive.

Aedes mosquito becomes infective by feeding on a patient from the
day before onset to the 5th day of illness

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Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Chlamydia [Ref Park 2151/e p. 304]

Five classical STDs are syphilis (T. pallidum), gonorrhoea (N.
gonorrhoeae), chanchroid (H. ducreyi), lymphogranuloma venerum (chlamydia trachomatis), and donovanosis (calymmatobacterium
granulomatosis).

Most common STD in India is herpes genitalis (20%) followed by
chancroid (11%), viral warts/HPV (11%), syphilis (11%) and
gonorrhoea (9%).

Overall (in world) most common STD is chlamydia followed by
gonorrhoea.

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Correct Answer - C
Ans. is 'c' i.e.,EBV

Screening recommended

HIV
Malaria
HBV
HTLV
HCV
CMV
Syphilis
Chagas disease

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Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e.,Lead [Ref Park 22"'Ile p. 752]
More industrial workers are exposed to lead than any other toxic metal.

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Correct Answer - D
Ans. D. vaccination against tetanus.

The major concern for anyone exposed to unsanitary conditions is that they should be up to date with the tetanus-containing vaccine
because if they are injured (as is common in disaster settings) the
injury is likely to be contaminated.

Routinely recommended vaccines are recommended for evacuees,
just like they are for everyone else.
Cholera and typhoid vaccine do not have any evidence for mass
vaccination due to the low level of exposure and prevention
Tetanus and HepB vaccine is required

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Correct Answer - C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Benzyl penicillin [Ref Park 24`h/e p. 181,182]

Antibiotics of choice for treatment of acute respiratory infections in children aged 2 months - 5years
1. No pneumonia (Cough or cold) → No antibiotic
2. Pneumonia (not severe) -s cotrimoxazole
3. Severe pneumonia - Benzyl penicillin or ampicillin or
chloramphenicol
4. Very severe disease 4 Chloramphenicol

Antibiotics of choice for treatment of acute respiratory infections in infants younger than 2 months
1. No pneumonia (Cough or cold) 4 No antibiotic
2. All pneumonia (severe or not severe) 4 (Benzyl penicillin or
ampicillin) plus gentamycin.


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Correct Answer - B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., It was devised by UNICEF
ICD was devised by WHO.


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Correct Answer - C
Ans. is 'c' i.e. Mobile surgical camps

NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR CONTROL OF BLINDNESS
(NPCB)

The national program for Control of Blindness (NPCB) has been redesignated recently as the National Programme for Control of
Blindness and Visual Impairment
Launched in 1976,

It is a 100% centrally sponsored scheme.

Its objective is to reduce the prevalence of eye diseases in general, and the prevalence of blindness from 1.40% to 0.3% by 2000 AD.

Apex Centre (National Eye Institute) is Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences (New Delhi,
AIIMS).

Revised strategies of NPCB
a) To make NPCB more comprehensive by strengthening services for other causes of blindness like corneal blindness(requiring transplantation of donated eyes), refractive errors in school-going children, improving follow-up services of cataract operated persons and treating other causes of blindness like glaucoma; To shift from the eye camp approach to a fixed facility surgical approach and from conventional surgery to IOL implantation for better quality of postoperative vision in operated patients.

b) To expand the World Bank project activities like construction of dedicated eye operation theatres, eye wards at the district level,
training of eye surgeons in modern cataract surgery and other eye
surgeries and supply of ophthalmic equipment, etc. to the whole
country.

c) To strengthen the participation of Voluntary Organizations in the
program and to earmark geographic areas to NGOs and
Government Hospitals to avoid duplication of effort and improve the performance of Government Units like Medical Colleges, District
Hospitals, Sub Divisional Hospitals, Community Health Centres,
Primary Health Centres.

d) To enhance the coverage of eye care services in tribal and other
under-served areas (uniform distribution) through the identification of bilateral blind patients, preparation of village-wise blind register and giving preference to bilateral blind patients for cataract surgery


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