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UNIT --- ICT
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🔹 1. CPU – Central Processing Unit
🔹 2. GPU – Graphics Processing Unit
🔹 3. RAM – Random Access Memory
🔹 4. ROM – Read Only Memory
🔹 5. SSD – Solid State Drive
🔹 6. USB – Universal Serial Bus
🔹 7. HTML – HyperText Markup Language
🔹 8. HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol ProfessorsAdda notes are best for NET SET JRF PROFESSOR exam
🔹 9. HTTPS – HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure
🔹 10. IP – Internet Protocol
🔹 11. ISP – Internet Service Provider
🔹 12. DNS – Domain Name System
🔹 13. URL – Uniform Resource Locator
🔹 14. PDF – Portable Document Format
🔹 15. GUI – Graphical User Interface
🔹 16. LAN – Local Area Network
🔹 17. WAN – Wide Area Network
🔹 18. AI – Artificial Intelligence
🔹 19. SQL – Structured Query Language
🔹 20. BIOS – Basic Input Output System
──────────────────────

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💎 महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य #ugcnet2025
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1. वुड घोषणा पत्र (1854)
2. लार्ड मैकाले (1835)
3. कोठारी आयोग (1964--1966)
4. हण्टर आयोग (भारतीय शिक्षा नीति)_1882
5. NCERT _1961
6. SCERT_1981
7.बेसिक शिक्षा परिषद _1972
8. राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति_1986
9. जिला शिक्षा प्राथमिक संघ_1986-87
10. ऑपरेशन ब्लैक बोर्ड_1987-88
11. मिड डे मील (MDM)__1995
12. स्कूल चलो अभियान_1995-96
13. सर्व शिक्षा अभियान_2000-01
14. निशुल्क एवं अनिवार्य शिक्षा_2009
प्रोफेसर अड्डा नेट / जे आर एफ
15. कस्तूरबा गांधी बालिका योजना_2004
16. राष्ट्रीय पाठ्यचर्चा रूपरेखा (NCF)_2005
17. शिक्षा अधिकार अधिनियम _2009 (लागू 1 अप्रैल 2010 )
18. IGNOU 1985 दिल्ली
19. राज्य शिक्षा संस्थान 1964 इलाहाबाद
20. सर्वपल्ली आयोग 1948

Professors Adda[UGC-NET SET JRF/
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💎 Important Facts #ugcnet2025


1. Wood Dispatch (1854)
2. Lord Macaulay (1835)
3. Kothari Commission (1964--1966)
4. Hunter Commission (Indian Education Policy) 1882
5. NCERT 1961
6. SCERT 1981
7. Basic Education Council 1972
8. National Education Policy 1986
9. District Primary Education Association 1986-87
10. Operation Blackboard 1987-88
11. Mid Day Meal (MDM) 1995
12. School Chalo Campaign 1995-96
13. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan 2000-01
14. Free and Compulsory Education 2009
Professor Adda NET / JRF
15. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Yojana 2004
16. National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005
17. Right to Education Act 2009 (Implemented April 1, 2010)
18. IGNOU 1985 Delhi
19. State Education Institute 1964 Allahabad
20. Sarpalli Commission 1948

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🎓 UGC NET Paper 1 – Higher Education  10 MCQs)

Q1. University Grants Commission (UGC) was established in —
विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग (UGC) की स्थापना कब हुई थी?
A) 1948
B) 1952
C) 1953
D) 1956
📘 Fact: UGC formally came into existence in 1953, and became a statutory body under UGC Act, 1956.
💬 ProfessorsAdda Notes: “UGC forms the backbone of India’s Higher Education structure.”

Q2. National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) was established in —
राष्ट्रीय मूल्यांकन एवं प्रत्यायन परिषद की स्थापना कब हुई थी?
A) 1985
B) 1992 ✅
C) 1995
D) 2000
📘 Fact: NAAC is an autonomous body of UGC, headquartered in Bengaluru.
💬 ProfessorsAdda Notes: “Quality assessment begins with NAAC accreditation — every NET aspirant must know this.”


Q3. Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) was launched in —
राष्ट्रीय उच्चतर शिक्षा अभियान (RUSA) कब शुरू हुआ था?
A) 2010
B) 2011
C) 2013 ✅
D) 2014
📘 Fact: Launched to improve access, equity & quality in higher education.
💬 ProfessorsAdda Notes: “RUSA = Reform in University System for Advancement — key for Paper 1 updates.”

Q4. National Education Policy (NEP) was approved in —
राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति (NEP) कब स्वीकृत हुई थी?
A) 2018
B) 2019
C) 2020 ✅
D) 2021
📘 Fact: Replaced NEP 1986; aims for 5+3+3+4 structure and 50% GER by 2035.
💬 ProfessorsAdda Notes: “NEP 2020 is the soul of every education-related question.”

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Q5. SWAYAM online learning platform was launched in —
SWAYAM ऑनलाइन लर्निंग प्लेटफॉर्म कब शुरू हुआ?
A) 2014
B) 2015
C) 2016 ✅
D) 2018
📘 Fact: “Study Webs of Active–Learning for Young Aspiring Minds” — offers free MOOCs for school & higher education.
💬 ProfessorsAdda Notes: “SWAYAM empowers self-learning — most loved UGC NET question.”

Q6. National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) was launched in —
राष्ट्रीय संस्थागत रैंकिंग फ्रेमवर्क कब शुरू हुआ?
A) 2014
B) 2015 ✅
C) 2016
D) 2017
📘 Fact: Launched by MHRD (now MoE) to rank Indian universities annually.
💬 ProfessorsAdda Notes: “NIRF = Ranking Revolution — must memorize year 2015.”

Q7. Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching (PMMMNMTT) was launched in —
शिक्षक शिक्षा हेतु पं. मदन मोहन मालवीय राष्ट्रीय मिशन कब शुरू हुआ?
A) 2013
B) 2014 ✅
C) 2015
D) 2016
📘 Fact: Focus on quality improvement in teacher education and training.
💬 ProfessorsAdda Notes: “Teacher training = foundation of NEP vision — PMMMNMTT is the key.”

Q8. National Research Foundation (NRF) was announced under NEP in —
राष्ट्रीय अनुसंधान प्रतिष्ठान की घोषणा कब की गई?
A) 2019
B) 2020 ✅
C) 2021
D) 2022
📘 Fact: NRF aims to fund and promote research in all disciplines.
💬 ProfessorsAdda Notes: “NRF = Research Renaissance in India — strongly linked with NEP.”

Q9. One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) scheme was announced in Union Budget —
वन नेशन वन सब्सक्रिप्शन योजना किस बजट में घोषित हुई?
A) 2020–21
B) 2021–22 ✅
C) 2022–23
D) 2023–24
📘 Fact: Provides access to journals for all HEIs under one national subscription.
💬 ProfessorsAdda Notes: “ONOS ensures equal access to global knowledge resources — crucial for 2024–25 exams.”

Q10. PM-USHA (Pradhan Mantri Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan) replaced RUSA in —
प्रधानमंत्री उच्चतर शिक्षा अभियान (PM-USHA) कब शुरू हुआ?
A) 2022 ✅
B) 2023
C) 2024
D) 2025
📘 Fact: PM-USHA continues RUSA with NEP 2020 goals — equity, access, quality in higher education.
💬 ProfessorsAdda Notes: “PM-USHA = NEP in action — latest flagship scheme for UGC NET Paper 1.”

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UNIT --- ICT
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🔹 1. CPU – Central Processing Unit
🔹 2. GPU – Graphics Processing Unit
🔹 3. RAM – Random Access Memory
🔹 4. ROM – Read Only Memory
🔹 5. SSD – Solid State Drive
🔹 6. USB – Universal Serial Bus
🔹 7. HTML – HyperText Markup Language
🔹 8. HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol ProfessorsAdda notes are best for NET SET JRF PROFESSOR exam
🔹 9. HTTPS – HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure
🔹 10. IP – Internet Protocol
🔹 11. ISP – Internet Service Provider
🔹 12. DNS – Domain Name System
🔹 13. URL – Uniform Resource Locator
🔹 14. PDF – Portable Document Format
🔹 15. GUI – Graphical User Interface
🔹 16. LAN – Local Area Network
🔹 17. WAN – Wide Area Network
🔹 18. AI – Artificial Intelligence
🔹 19. SQL – Structured Query Language
🔹 20. BIOS – Basic Input Output System
──────────────────────

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🔹 1. CPU – Central Processing Unit
🔹 2. GPU – Graphics Processing Unit
🔹 3. RAM – Random Access Memory
🔹 4. ROM – Read Only Memory
🔹 5. SSD – Solid State Drive
🔹 6. USB – Universal Serial Bus
🔹 7. HTML – HyperText Markup Language
🔹 8. HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol ProfessorsAdda notes are best for NET SET JRF PROFESSOR exam
🔹 9. HTTPS – HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure
🔹 10. IP – Internet Protocol
🔹 11. ISP – Internet Service Provider
🔹 12. DNS – Domain Name System
🔹 13. URL – Uniform Resource Locator
🔹 14. PDF – Portable Document Format
🔹 15. GUI – Graphical User Interface
🔹 16. LAN – Local Area Network
🔹 17. WAN – Wide Area Network
🔹 18. AI – Artificial Intelligence
🔹 19. SQL – Structured Query Language
🔹 20. BIOS – Basic Input Output System
──────────────────────

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Fallacy MCQS UGC NET

1. What is a fallacy?
कुतर्क क्या है?
a) A logical argument
b) A deceptive or misleading argument✅
c) A true statement
d) A mathematical error

2. Which fallacy involves attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument itself?
कौन सा कुतर्क किसी तर्क को प्रस्तुत करने वाले व्यक्ति पर हमला करने से संबंधित है न कि स्वयं तर्क पर?
a) Straw Man
b) Ad Hominem✅
c) Slippery Slope
d) Appeal to Authority

3. Which fallacy assumes that because one event followed another, the first caused the second? join ProfessorsAdda
कौन सा कुतर्क यह मानता है कि क्योंकि एक घटना के बाद दूसरी घटना हुई, तो पहली ने दूसरी घटना का कारण बनी?
a) Post Hoc✅
b) False Dilemma
c) Circular Reasoning
d) Red Herring

4. The "Straw Man" fallacy occurs when:
"स्ट्रॉ मैन" कुतर्क तब होता है जब:
a) An argument is exaggerated or misrepresented to be easily attacked✅
b) A person argues in circles
c) Only two options are presented when more exist
d) A general statement is made from a specific case

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5. What is the "Slippery Slope" fallacy?
"स्लिपरी स्लोप" कुतर्क क्या है?
a) Claiming a small first step will lead to extreme outcomes✅
b) Ignoring an opponent’s argument
c) Assuming a conclusion without evidence
d) Making an emotional appeal rather than a logical one

6. Which fallacy occurs when someone tries to prove a point by restating it in different words?
कौन सा कुतर्क तब होता है जब कोई व्यक्ति किसी बिंदु को साबित करने की कोशिश करता है उसे अलग-अलग शब्दों में दोहराकर?प्रोफेसर अड्डा
a) Circular Reasoning✅
b) Appeal to Emotion
c) False Analogy
d) Red Herring

7. The "False Dilemma" fallacy is also known as:
"फॉल्स डाइलेमा" कुतर्क को और किस नाम से जाना जाता है?
a) Black-and-White Fallacy✅
b) Appeal to Ignorance
c) Hasty Generalization
d) Bandwagon Fallacy

8. Which fallacy is committed when someone draws a conclusion based on insufficient evidence?
कौन सा कुतर्क तब किया जाता है जब कोई व्यक्ति अपर्याप्त साक्ष्यों के आधार पर निष्कर्ष निकालता है?
a) Hasty Generalization✅
b) Appeal to Authority
c) False Cause
d) Equivocation

9. What does the "Red Herring" fallacy do in an argument?
"रेड हेरिंग" कुतर्क एक तर्क में क्या करता है?
a) Introduces an irrelevant issue to distract from the main argument✅
b) Misrepresents the opponent’s argument
c) Attacks the person instead of the argument
d) Makes a broad conclusion from a specific case

10. Which fallacy involves appealing to popular opinion instead of making a logical argument?
कौन सा कुतर्क तार्किक तर्क देने के बजाय लोकप्रिय राय का सहारा लेता है?
a) Bandwagon Fallacy✅
b) Appeal to Pity
c) Genetic Fallacy
d) Appeal to Ignorance

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*𝟐𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐎𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐟𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐫𝐬 𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 ✍️*

*𝐐𝟏.* DRDO ने किस संगठन के साथ 300 मेगावाट क्षमता के सौर ऊर्जा आधारित नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा परियोजनाओं के लिए MOU साइन किया है?
With which organization did DRDO sign an MoU for 300 MW solar energy-based renewable energy projects?
*𝗔𝗻𝘀:- सोलर एनर्जी कॉर्पोरेशन ऑफ इंडिया (SECI) / Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI)*

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*𝐐𝟐.* केंद्रीय रेल मंत्री अश्विनी वैष्णव ने हाल ही में किस प्रमुख रेलवे प्रदर्शनी का उद्घाटन किया?
Which major railway exhibition was recently inaugurated by Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw?
*𝗔𝗻𝘀:- 16वाँ अंतरराष्ट्रीय रेलवे उपकरण प्रदर्शनी–2025 / 16th International Railway Equipment Exhibition–2025*

*𝐐𝟑.* मेघालय सरकार ने फुटबॉल और पर्यटन को बढ़ावा देने के लिए किस फुटबॉल क्लब के साथ तीन साल का MOU किया है?
With which football club has the Meghalaya Government signed a three-year MoU to promote football and tourism?
*𝗔𝗻𝘀:- नॉर्थईस्ट यूनाइटेड एफसी / NorthEast United FC*

*𝐐𝟒.* प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने हाल ही में कौन-सी योजना लॉन्च की?
Which scheme was recently launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi?
*𝗔𝗻𝘀:- पीएम धन धान्य कृषि योजना और मिशन फॉर आत्मनिर्भरता इन पल्सेस / PM Dhan Dhanaya Krishi Yojana and Mission for Self-Reliance in Pulses*

*𝐐𝟓.* डॉ. सोनाली घोष ने हाल ही में किस प्रतिष्ठित अंतरराष्ट्रीय पुरस्कार को जीतकर इतिहास रचा है?
Which prestigious international award was recently won by Dr. Sonali Ghosh, creating history?
*𝗔𝗻𝘀:- IUCN WCPA–Kenton Miller Award / IUCN WCPA–Kenton Miller Award*

*𝐐𝟔.* भारतीय सेना किस देश में “एक्सरसाइज ऑस्ट्राहिंद 2025” में भाग लेने गई है?
In which country did the Indian Army participate in “Exercise AustraHind 2025”?
*𝗔𝗻𝘀:- ऑस्ट्रेलिया / Australia*

*𝐐𝟕.* ‘विकसित भारत बिल्डाथॉन 2025’ का आयोजन किस मंत्रालय द्वारा किया जा रहा है?
Which ministry is organizing the ‘Viksit Bharat Buildathon 2025’?
*𝗔𝗻𝘀:- शिक्षा मंत्रालय / Ministry of Education*

*𝐐𝟖.* केंद्रीय गृह मंत्री अमित शाह ने हाल ही में NSG के विशेष अभियान प्रशिक्षण केंद्र (SOTC) की आधारशिला किस स्थान पर रखी?
At which location did Home Minister Amit Shah lay the foundation stone of NSG’s Special Operations Training Centre (SOTC)?
*𝗔𝗻𝘀:- मानेसर, हरियाणा / Manesar, Haryana*

*𝐐𝟗.* निर्मला सीतारमण ने हाल ही में किस स्थान पर किसान प्रशिक्षण और सामान्य सुविधा केंद्र का उद्घाटन किया?
Where did Nirmala Sitharaman inaugurate the Farmers’ Training and Common Facility Centre recently?
*𝗔𝗻𝘀:- मेथागल, कर्नाटक / Methagal, Karnataka*

*𝐐𝟏𝟎.* IN–RoKN अभ्यास 2025 भारत और किस देश के बीच आयोजित हुआ?
The IN–RoKN Exercise 2025 was held between India and which country?
*𝗔𝗻𝘀:- दक्षिण कोरिया / South Korea*

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December 2025 Exam
Topic name - Unit 10: Higher Education

PROFESSORS ADDA NOTES BOOKLET

*Q. Which of the following initiatives was launched by the Government of India to increase access, equity, and quality in higher education through technology-enabled learning? / भारत सरकार द्वारा कौन-सा पहल तकनीकी आधारित शिक्षा के माध्यम से उच्च शिक्षा में पहुँच, समानता और गुणवत्ता बढ़ाने के लिए शुरू किया गया था?*

A. Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) / राष्ट्रीय उच्चतर शिक्षा अभियान
B. SWAYAM / स्वयम
C. National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) / राष्ट्रीय संस्थागत रैंकिंग फ्रेमवर्क
D. All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) / अखिल भारतीय तकनीकी शिक्षा परिषद

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🔹Answer explanation / उत्तर व्याख्या

1⃣ SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) was launched in 2017 to provide free online courses to students across India. / SWAYAM 2017 में शुरू किया गया ताकि भारत भर के छात्रों को मुफ्त ऑनलाइन पाठ्यक्रम प्रदान किए जा सकें।
2⃣ The platform aims to bridge the digital divide and ensure equitable access to quality higher education. / इसका उद्देश्य डिजिटल विभाजन को कम करना और उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली उच्च शिक्षा तक समान पहुँच सुनिश्चित करना है।
3⃣ RUSA focuses on funding and infrastructure improvement of universities, not direct online learning. / RUSA मुख्य रूप से विश्वविद्यालयों के लिए वित्तीय सहायता और अवसंरचना सुधार पर केंद्रित है।
4⃣ NIRF ranks institutions based on performance but does not provide learning resources. / NIRF संस्थानों को प्रदर्शन के आधार पर रैंक करता है, सीखने के संसाधन नहीं देता।
5⃣ AICTE regulates technical institutions but is not a platform for technology-enabled learning courses. / AICTE तकनीकी संस्थानों को नियंत्रित करता है, लेकिन तकनीकी शिक्षा आधारित पाठ्यक्रमों का मंच नहीं है।

🔹Option analysis / विकल्प विश्लेषण
Option A. Incorrect / गलत – RUSA mainly supports infrastructure and funding.
Option B. Correct / सही – SWAYAM directly provides technology-enabled learning.
Option C. Incorrect / गलत – NIRF is a ranking framework, not a learning platform.
Option D. Incorrect / गलत – AICTE regulates, doesn’t provide online courses.

*Answer- B. SWAYAM / स्वयम*

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