🔆 Effects of Ocean Currents
📍 Climate Control
✅ Warm currents raise temperatures; cold ones cool them.
➡️ Example: North Atlantic Drift warms England; Canary cools Spain.
📍 Rainfall & Deserts
✅ Warm currents → more rainfall.
✅ Cold currents → desert formation.
➡️ Example: Cold Humboldt Current causes the Atacama Desert.
📍 Fishing Zones
✅ Convergence of warm & cold currents supports plankton → rich fish stocks.
➡️ Example: Grand Banks of Newfoundland.
📍 Navigation
✅ Currents aid efficient maritime travel by influencing shipping lanes.
📍 Temperature Moderation
✅ Currents redistribute heat and stabilize coastal climates.
➡️ Example: England remains mild due to warm currents.
#Geography
📍 Climate Control
✅ Warm currents raise temperatures; cold ones cool them.
➡️ Example: North Atlantic Drift warms England; Canary cools Spain.
📍 Rainfall & Deserts
✅ Warm currents → more rainfall.
✅ Cold currents → desert formation.
➡️ Example: Cold Humboldt Current causes the Atacama Desert.
📍 Fishing Zones
✅ Convergence of warm & cold currents supports plankton → rich fish stocks.
➡️ Example: Grand Banks of Newfoundland.
📍 Navigation
✅ Currents aid efficient maritime travel by influencing shipping lanes.
📍 Temperature Moderation
✅ Currents redistribute heat and stabilize coastal climates.
➡️ Example: England remains mild due to warm currents.
#Geography
Forwarded from Environment & Ecology UPSC prelims mains
🔆 UNOC 2025: A Tidal Push for Ocean Protection
📍What is UNOC?
✅ The 3rd UN Oceans Conference held in France
✅ Goal: Speed up action on protecting high seas, curbing overfishing, and regulating deep-sea mining
📍The BBNJ Treaty (High Seas Treaty)
✅ Core treaty to protect oceans beyond national jurisdiction
✅ Needs 60 ratifications to become law — 56 countries onboard, India “in process”, U.S. still absent
✅ Aims to protect 30% of marine/coastal areas by 2030
📍Key Treaty Tools
✅ Create marine protected areas beyond national borders
✅ Enforce environmental impact assessments
✅ Share marine genetic resources fairly
✅ Build capacity in developing countries
📍The Big Challenge
✅ Who gets the commercial benefits from marine genetic resources?
✅ No clear equity mechanism yet in place
📍Who’s Paying to Protect the Oceans?
✅ EU: €1 billion for conservation and sustainable fishing
✅ New Zealand: $52 million for Pacific ocean governance
✅ Germany: €100 million to clean up underwater munitions
✅ Italy: €6.5 million for marine surveillance
✅ Canada: $9 million to fight ocean risks + launched coalition on noise pollution
✅ Spain: New MPAs covering 25% of its waters
✅ French Polynesia: Plans world’s largest MPA
📍What’s Next?
✅ A Conference of Parties (COP) for BBNJ is expected by late 2026
✅ Target: 70 ratifications by Sept 2025 to activate the treaty.
📍What is UNOC?
✅ The 3rd UN Oceans Conference held in France
✅ Goal: Speed up action on protecting high seas, curbing overfishing, and regulating deep-sea mining
📍The BBNJ Treaty (High Seas Treaty)
✅ Core treaty to protect oceans beyond national jurisdiction
✅ Needs 60 ratifications to become law — 56 countries onboard, India “in process”, U.S. still absent
✅ Aims to protect 30% of marine/coastal areas by 2030
📍Key Treaty Tools
✅ Create marine protected areas beyond national borders
✅ Enforce environmental impact assessments
✅ Share marine genetic resources fairly
✅ Build capacity in developing countries
📍The Big Challenge
✅ Who gets the commercial benefits from marine genetic resources?
✅ No clear equity mechanism yet in place
📍Who’s Paying to Protect the Oceans?
✅ EU: €1 billion for conservation and sustainable fishing
✅ New Zealand: $52 million for Pacific ocean governance
✅ Germany: €100 million to clean up underwater munitions
✅ Italy: €6.5 million for marine surveillance
✅ Canada: $9 million to fight ocean risks + launched coalition on noise pollution
✅ Spain: New MPAs covering 25% of its waters
✅ French Polynesia: Plans world’s largest MPA
📍What’s Next?
✅ A Conference of Parties (COP) for BBNJ is expected by late 2026
✅ Target: 70 ratifications by Sept 2025 to activate the treaty.
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
🔥 One Plan that takes complete care of your Mains Answer Writing with Topic-wise Answer Writing Video Courses, Evaluation, Mentorship and Much More!
Unlimited
GS + ESSAY + OPTIONAL Evaluation
➕
Mentorship Support by Toppers!
💯 Other Features:
1) Freedom to practice questions from any source
2) Access to Topic Wise Question Bank by ConvertIAS
2) Full Length Tests of any institute covered
3) Access to Toppers copies
4) Practical Answer Writing Video Course by Rank Holders
And much more!
🏆 Toppers Testimonials: HERE
👉To Subscribe or Free DEMO
www.ConvertIAS.com
📞For any query contact us www.tgoop.com/convertias or 9108075088
Unlimited
GS + ESSAY + OPTIONAL Evaluation
➕
Mentorship Support by Toppers!
💯 Other Features:
1) Freedom to practice questions from any source
2) Access to Topic Wise Question Bank by ConvertIAS
2) Full Length Tests of any institute covered
3) Access to Toppers copies
4) Practical Answer Writing Video Course by Rank Holders
And much more!
🏆 Toppers Testimonials: HERE
👉To Subscribe or Free DEMO
www.ConvertIAS.com
📞For any query contact us www.tgoop.com/convertias or 9108075088
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
🚀71st BPSC Free Prelims Test Series – Most Accurate Test Series in the Industry!
To join, 📲 WhatsApp Now - 9667693596
Struggling with the cost of Prelims test series? We've got you covered!
Join us for FREE Prelims Tests and get a chance to see 30-40% of the paper coming from our test series. We’re committed to your success!
Why choose us? 140+ of our students appeared in the 70th BPSC Mains. You could be next!
The test series is available in offline mode, so you can experience real exam vibes.
Register now!
🔗 Join Telegram: https://www.tgoop.com/rresultmitraofficial | 🎥 Subscribe YouTube: Result Mitra ( https://www.youtube.com/@Resultmitra)
To join, 📲 WhatsApp Now - 9667693596
Struggling with the cost of Prelims test series? We've got you covered!
Join us for FREE Prelims Tests and get a chance to see 30-40% of the paper coming from our test series. We’re committed to your success!
Why choose us? 140+ of our students appeared in the 70th BPSC Mains. You could be next!
The test series is available in offline mode, so you can experience real exam vibes.
Register now!
🔗 Join Telegram: https://www.tgoop.com/rresultmitraofficial | 🎥 Subscribe YouTube: Result Mitra ( https://www.youtube.com/@Resultmitra)
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
🗞If you failed in UPSC Prelims 2025, there are only two ways. Either you quit or you start 2026.
First Academy in India which deals only with Prelims exam. This is very different.
Practice from Day 1.
All failures clear Prelims for the first time on our platform. It’s your turn now.
📝Solve the above question: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1385
Telegram link: https://www.tgoop.com/goalTide
First Academy in India which deals only with Prelims exam. This is very different.
Practice from Day 1.
All failures clear Prelims for the first time on our platform. It’s your turn now.
📝Solve the above question: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1385
Telegram link: https://www.tgoop.com/goalTide
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
📚 Stop mugging, start mastering—answer 20 🔥 questions daily & get ⚡ same-day feedback to turn into a Mains machine! ✍️
🚀 Batch-2 is LIVE at just ₹999 for 3 months—grab your seat now and write your rank, not just answers! 🏆
Telegram channel - www.tgoop.com/LovepreetIASNITI
contact - @varuos94
🚀 Batch-2 is LIVE at just ₹999 for 3 months—grab your seat now and write your rank, not just answers! 🏆
Telegram channel - www.tgoop.com/LovepreetIASNITI
contact - @varuos94
🔆Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki:
✅Location: It is located in Indonesia’s East Nusa Tenggara province on Flores Island.
✅It is situated along the famous ‘Ring of Fire’ in the Pacific region.
✅It is one of the most frequently active volcanoes in the region.
✅It has two peaks arranged on a NW-SE line separated by 2 km and a 1232 m high saddle. This gave the twin volcano its name, Lewotobi, “husband and wife”.
✅The two peaks correspond to the Lewotobi Lakilaki (man) and Lewotobi Perempuan (woman)
Lewotobi Lakilaki (1584 m) has a summit crater of 400 m diameter open to the north. Lewotobi Perampuan (1703 m)’s crater is 700 m wide.
✅Lewotobi Lakilaki has been frequently active during the 19th and 20th centuries, while the taller and broader Lewotobi Perempuan has erupted only twice in historical time.
✅Small lava domes have grown during the 20th century in the summit craters of both volcanoes.
#Places_in_news
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
✅Location: It is located in Indonesia’s East Nusa Tenggara province on Flores Island.
✅It is situated along the famous ‘Ring of Fire’ in the Pacific region.
✅It is one of the most frequently active volcanoes in the region.
✅It has two peaks arranged on a NW-SE line separated by 2 km and a 1232 m high saddle. This gave the twin volcano its name, Lewotobi, “husband and wife”.
✅The two peaks correspond to the Lewotobi Lakilaki (man) and Lewotobi Perempuan (woman)
Lewotobi Lakilaki (1584 m) has a summit crater of 400 m diameter open to the north. Lewotobi Perampuan (1703 m)’s crater is 700 m wide.
✅Lewotobi Lakilaki has been frequently active during the 19th and 20th centuries, while the taller and broader Lewotobi Perempuan has erupted only twice in historical time.
✅Small lava domes have grown during the 20th century in the summit craters of both volcanoes.
#Places_in_news
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
🔆 Shipki La Pass Reopened: Key Facts
✅ Himachal Pradesh reopened Shipki La Pass for tourists.
✅ It was an old trade route between India and Tibet.
✅ Trade included wool, salt, grains, and turquoise.
✅ It shortens Delhi–Mansarovar route by 14 days.
✅ Strong cultural ties exist across the India-China border here.
✅ Reopening can boost tourism, jobs, and people-to-people contact.
✅ May support soft diplomacy and regional peace.
✅ Himachal Pradesh reopened Shipki La Pass for tourists.
✅ It was an old trade route between India and Tibet.
✅ Trade included wool, salt, grains, and turquoise.
✅ It shortens Delhi–Mansarovar route by 14 days.
✅ Strong cultural ties exist across the India-China border here.
✅ Reopening can boost tourism, jobs, and people-to-people contact.
✅ May support soft diplomacy and regional peace.
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
💡 Freedom from Ineffective & Expensive Mains Test Series!
One Plan that takes complete care of your Mains Answer Writing with Topic-wise Answer Writing Video Courses, Evaluation, Mentorship and Much More!
Unlimited
GS + ESSAY + OPTIONAL Evaluation
➕
Mentorship Support by Toppers!
💯 Other Features:
1) Freedom to practice questions from any source
2) Full Length Tests of any institute covered
3) Access to Toppers copies
4) Practical Answer Writing Video Course by Rank Holders
And much more!
🏆 Toppers Testimonials: HERE
👉To Subscribe or Free DEMO
www.ConvertIAS.com
📞For any query contact us www.tgoop.com/convertias or 9108075088
One Plan that takes complete care of your Mains Answer Writing with Topic-wise Answer Writing Video Courses, Evaluation, Mentorship and Much More!
Unlimited
GS + ESSAY + OPTIONAL Evaluation
➕
Mentorship Support by Toppers!
💯 Other Features:
1) Freedom to practice questions from any source
2) Full Length Tests of any institute covered
3) Access to Toppers copies
4) Practical Answer Writing Video Course by Rank Holders
And much more!
🏆 Toppers Testimonials: HERE
👉To Subscribe or Free DEMO
www.ConvertIAS.com
📞For any query contact us www.tgoop.com/convertias or 9108075088
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
👋 Hello UPSC 2026 Aspirants!
We’re PadhAI - a free UPSC prep app built by IITians, AI PhDs & top UPSC experts.
📥 Download now: https://padhai.page.link/UPSC_Prelims_2025
Why choose PadhAI❓– your all-in-one free UPSC prep companion?
👉 Daily top news (TH & IE) + related PYQs + daily news MCQs
👉 Topic-wise search of 30+ yrs PYQs
👉 24×7 AI Chat for doubt resolution & concept clarity
👉 Practice 30k+ MCQs & full GS + CSAT mocks
👉 Play Duel UPSC quizzes with fellow aspirants
⬇️Get the app on Playstore
We’re PadhAI - a free UPSC prep app built by IITians, AI PhDs & top UPSC experts.
📥 Download now: https://padhai.page.link/UPSC_Prelims_2025
Why choose PadhAI❓– your all-in-one free UPSC prep companion?
👉 Daily top news (TH & IE) + related PYQs + daily news MCQs
👉 Topic-wise search of 30+ yrs PYQs
👉 24×7 AI Chat for doubt resolution & concept clarity
👉 Practice 30k+ MCQs & full GS + CSAT mocks
👉 Play Duel UPSC quizzes with fellow aspirants
⬇️Get the app on Playstore
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
🗞If you failed in UPSC Prelims 2025, there are only two ways. Either you quit or you start 2026.
First Academy in India which deals only with Prelims exam. This is very different.
Practice from Day 1.
All failures clear Prelims for the first time on our platform. It’s your turn now.
📝Solve the above question: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1389
Telegram link: https://www.tgoop.com/goalTide
First Academy in India which deals only with Prelims exam. This is very different.
Practice from Day 1.
All failures clear Prelims for the first time on our platform. It’s your turn now.
📝Solve the above question: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1389
Telegram link: https://www.tgoop.com/goalTide
Subject wise channel Statics+ current affairs with pyq
Polity CLICK HERE MCQ CLICK HERE
History CLICK HERE MCQ CLICK HERE
Society CLICK HERE
Security CLICK HERE
Economy CLICK HERE MCQ click here
IR CLICK HERE MCQ CLICK HERE
Mains pyq CLICK HERE
Prelims PYQ GS CLICK HERE
CSAT PYQ CLICK HERE
Polity CLICK HERE MCQ CLICK HERE
History CLICK HERE MCQ CLICK HERE
Society CLICK HERE
Security CLICK HERE
Economy CLICK HERE MCQ click here
IR CLICK HERE MCQ CLICK HERE
Mains pyq CLICK HERE
Prelims PYQ GS CLICK HERE
CSAT PYQ CLICK HERE
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
🔥 WHY ConvertIAS?
More Effective and Smarter than conventional Mains Test Series
Practice daily - Get reviewed by Toppers - Improve - Repeat!
🎯 Only Plan you need to Master Mains Answer Writing! (Recommended by Hundreds of Rankers)
Unlimited
GS + ESSAY + OPTIONAL Evaluation
➕
Mentorship Support by Toppers!
👉🏻 To Subscribe or FREE DEMO Evaluation visit : ConvertIAS.com
📞 For Any Query: www.tgoop.com/ConvertIAS or 9108075088
Practice daily - Get reviewed by Toppers - Improve - Repeat!
🎯 Only Plan you need to Master Mains Answer Writing! (Recommended by Hundreds of Rankers)
Unlimited
GS + ESSAY + OPTIONAL Evaluation
➕
Mentorship Support by Toppers!
👉🏻 To Subscribe or FREE DEMO Evaluation visit : ConvertIAS.com
📞 For Any Query: www.tgoop.com/ConvertIAS or 9108075088
🔆 Global Ocean Heat Content (OHC) – Climate Indicator
📍 Definition: Total heat absorbed & stored in oceans, measured at various depths.
✅ Key Facts
• Oceans absorb 90% of excess global heat.
• Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans warm faster than global average.
• Since 1980s, OHC has doubled/tripled (2023 study).
✅ Significance
• Drives sea level rise, alters weather, disrupts ecosystems, and strengthens cyclones.
• A stable climate change indicator beyond surface temperatures.
#Geography
📍 Definition: Total heat absorbed & stored in oceans, measured at various depths.
✅ Key Facts
• Oceans absorb 90% of excess global heat.
• Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans warm faster than global average.
• Since 1980s, OHC has doubled/tripled (2023 study).
✅ Significance
• Drives sea level rise, alters weather, disrupts ecosystems, and strengthens cyclones.
• A stable climate change indicator beyond surface temperatures.
#Geography