🔆Dnipro River:
✅The Dnipro (Dnieper) River is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe.
✅It is the fourth-longest river in Europe (after the Volga, the Danube, and the Ural).
✅Located in Eastern Europe, the Dnieper River and its many tributaries drain much of Belarus and Ukraine.
✅Historically, the river was an important barrier dividing Ukraine into right and left banks.
Course:
✅It originates in Russia, in the low Valdai Hills, west of Moscow.
✅It runs a total length of 1,368 miles through western Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine before emptying into the Black Sea.
✅Approximately 300 miles of the waterway is located in Russia, 430 miles are in Belarus, and 680 miles are within Ukraine.
✅The Dnipro is a typical river of the plains, sloping gently and flowing slowly. The water level varies considerably, and the riverbed is unstable.
✅The Dnipro Basin covers 504,000 sq.km of which 289,000 sq.km. are within Ukraine (48 percent of its area).
✅It passes through numerous urban centers such as the Russian cities of Smolensk and Dorogobuzh, as well as Mogilev in Belarus and Kiev, Cherkasy, Dnipro, and Zaporizhia in Ukraine.
✅It is an important navigable waterway for the economy of Ukraine and is connected by the Dnieper–Bug Canal to other waterways in Europe.
✅Tributaries: It has as many as 32,000 tributaries, including the Sozh, Desna, Trubizh, Bilozerka, Drut, Berezina, and Prypiat.
#River_Series
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✅The Dnipro (Dnieper) River is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe.
✅It is the fourth-longest river in Europe (after the Volga, the Danube, and the Ural).
✅Located in Eastern Europe, the Dnieper River and its many tributaries drain much of Belarus and Ukraine.
✅Historically, the river was an important barrier dividing Ukraine into right and left banks.
Course:
✅It originates in Russia, in the low Valdai Hills, west of Moscow.
✅It runs a total length of 1,368 miles through western Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine before emptying into the Black Sea.
✅Approximately 300 miles of the waterway is located in Russia, 430 miles are in Belarus, and 680 miles are within Ukraine.
✅The Dnipro is a typical river of the plains, sloping gently and flowing slowly. The water level varies considerably, and the riverbed is unstable.
✅The Dnipro Basin covers 504,000 sq.km of which 289,000 sq.km. are within Ukraine (48 percent of its area).
✅It passes through numerous urban centers such as the Russian cities of Smolensk and Dorogobuzh, as well as Mogilev in Belarus and Kiev, Cherkasy, Dnipro, and Zaporizhia in Ukraine.
✅It is an important navigable waterway for the economy of Ukraine and is connected by the Dnieper–Bug Canal to other waterways in Europe.
✅Tributaries: It has as many as 32,000 tributaries, including the Sozh, Desna, Trubizh, Bilozerka, Drut, Berezina, and Prypiat.
#River_Series
#Places_in_news
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
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🔆Sajjangarh Wildlife Sanctuary:
✅It is located on the outskirts of Udaipur city in Rajasthan.
✅It is nestled in the Aravalli hill range, covering an area of approximately 5.19 sq.km.
✅The Sanctuary lies around the Sajjangarh Fort, built by the erstwhile Maharana Sajjan Singh of Mewar in 1874 on Bansdara Hill.
✅Bari Lake, popularly known as Tiger Lake, is situated on the western slope of the Sanctuary. This lake was built by Maharana Raj Singh of the Mewar dynasty.
✅Vegetation: It encompasses a blend of deciduous and semi-evergreen
Flora:
✅It boasts a lush environment dominated by trees like teak, mango, neem, jamun, khair, and ber.
✅The presence of abundant bamboo groves further enhances the habitat.
✅Fauna: It is home to animals like panthers, hyenas, wild boars, jackals, sloth bears, sambar deer, spotted deer, and four-horned antelopes.
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✅It is located on the outskirts of Udaipur city in Rajasthan.
✅It is nestled in the Aravalli hill range, covering an area of approximately 5.19 sq.km.
✅The Sanctuary lies around the Sajjangarh Fort, built by the erstwhile Maharana Sajjan Singh of Mewar in 1874 on Bansdara Hill.
✅Bari Lake, popularly known as Tiger Lake, is situated on the western slope of the Sanctuary. This lake was built by Maharana Raj Singh of the Mewar dynasty.
✅Vegetation: It encompasses a blend of deciduous and semi-evergreen
Flora:
✅It boasts a lush environment dominated by trees like teak, mango, neem, jamun, khair, and ber.
✅The presence of abundant bamboo groves further enhances the habitat.
✅Fauna: It is home to animals like panthers, hyenas, wild boars, jackals, sloth bears, sambar deer, spotted deer, and four-horned antelopes.
#Wildlife_Sanctuary_series
#Places_in_news
Join @Upsc_4_environment
@Mapping_prelims_mains
🔆 Koyna-Warna Deep Drilling Project
📍 Location: Koyna-Warna region, Maharashtra
📍 Objective:
✅ India plans to drill a 6-km deep hole to study earthquakes and the Earth's crust.
✅ This initiative aims to enhance seismological research and improve earthquake prediction capabilities.
📍 Why Koyna-Warna?
🔹 The region is seismically active due to reservoir-induced seismicity from the Koyna Dam.
🔹 It provides a natural laboratory to study earthquake mechanisms deep within the Earth's crust.
📍 Location: Koyna-Warna region, Maharashtra
📍 Objective:
✅ India plans to drill a 6-km deep hole to study earthquakes and the Earth's crust.
✅ This initiative aims to enhance seismological research and improve earthquake prediction capabilities.
📍 Why Koyna-Warna?
🔹 The region is seismically active due to reservoir-induced seismicity from the Koyna Dam.
🔹 It provides a natural laboratory to study earthquake mechanisms deep within the Earth's crust.
🔆 Phawngpui National Park, Mizoram
📍 🌿 Key Highlights
✅ Home to Phtheirospermum lushaiorum, a rare hemi-parasitic plant.
✅ The plant is named after the Lushai tribe of Mizoram.
✅ Also known as Phawngpui Blue Mountain National Park.
✅ One of two national parks in Mizoram, the other being Murlen National Park.
🚨 A biodiversity hotspot in Northeast India! Share for awareness. 🚨
#National_park_series
#Tiger_Reserve_series
#Places_in_news
Join @mapping_prelims_mains
@upsc_4_environment
📍 🌿 Key Highlights
✅ Home to Phtheirospermum lushaiorum, a rare hemi-parasitic plant.
✅ The plant is named after the Lushai tribe of Mizoram.
✅ Also known as Phawngpui Blue Mountain National Park.
✅ One of two national parks in Mizoram, the other being Murlen National Park.
🚨 A biodiversity hotspot in Northeast India! Share for awareness. 🚨
#National_park_series
#Tiger_Reserve_series
#Places_in_news
Join @mapping_prelims_mains
@upsc_4_environment
🔆Brahmani River:
✅It is one of the major rivers in eastern India, primarily flowing through
✅The river is known as Dhamra in its lower reaches.
Course:
✅It is formed by the confluence of the Sankh and South Koel rivers near the major industrial town of Rourkela in Odisha.
✅Both the sources of the Brahmani River are on the Chota Nagpur Plateau.
✅The Sankh River has its origins near the Jharkhand-Chhattisgarh border, along with the South Koel River, which also rises in Jharkhand.
✅The basin flows through Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha, draining a total area of 39,033 sq.km. before it outfalls into the Bay of Bengal.
✅Together with the rivers Mahanadi and Baitarani, it forms a large delta before emptying into the Bay of Bengal at Palmyras Point, Odisha.
✅The Brahmani delta is the site of the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, famous for its estuarine crocodiles.
Length: The total length of its run is about 799 km, of which 541 km are in Odisha itself.
✅It is one of the few rivers that cut across the Eastern Ghats and has formed a minor gorge at Rengali in Odisha, where a dam has been built.
✅Tributaries: The principal tributaries of this river are Sankh, Tikra, and Karo.
#River_Series
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Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
✅It is one of the major rivers in eastern India, primarily flowing through
✅The river is known as Dhamra in its lower reaches.
Course:
✅It is formed by the confluence of the Sankh and South Koel rivers near the major industrial town of Rourkela in Odisha.
✅Both the sources of the Brahmani River are on the Chota Nagpur Plateau.
✅The Sankh River has its origins near the Jharkhand-Chhattisgarh border, along with the South Koel River, which also rises in Jharkhand.
✅The basin flows through Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha, draining a total area of 39,033 sq.km. before it outfalls into the Bay of Bengal.
✅Together with the rivers Mahanadi and Baitarani, it forms a large delta before emptying into the Bay of Bengal at Palmyras Point, Odisha.
✅The Brahmani delta is the site of the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, famous for its estuarine crocodiles.
Length: The total length of its run is about 799 km, of which 541 km are in Odisha itself.
✅It is one of the few rivers that cut across the Eastern Ghats and has formed a minor gorge at Rengali in Odisha, where a dam has been built.
✅Tributaries: The principal tributaries of this river are Sankh, Tikra, and Karo.
#River_Series
#Places_in_news
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
🔆 Lithium Discovery in Karnataka
📍 Key Update
✅ Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD) discovered lithium deposits in Mandya & Yadgiri districts, Karnataka.
📍 Significance
✅ Lithium is critical for EV batteries & renewable energy storage.
✅ Boosts India’s strategic mineral reserves for self-reliance in clean energy.
📍 Key Update
✅ Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD) discovered lithium deposits in Mandya & Yadgiri districts, Karnataka.
📍 Significance
✅ Lithium is critical for EV batteries & renewable energy storage.
✅ Boosts India’s strategic mineral reserves for self-reliance in clean energy.
🔆Yemen:
✅Location: Southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula, strategically positioned at the entrance of the Red Sea.
Capital:
✅Neighbouring Countries:
Saudi Arabia (North) and Oman (East).
✅Borders the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Arabian Sea.
📍Geographic Features:
✅Mountains: Hadhramaut Mountains, Haraz Mountains, and Sarawat Range.
✅Rivers: Wadis (seasonal rivers), including Wadi Hadhramaut and Wadi Zabid.
✅Valleys: Tihama Coastal Plain along the Red Sea coast.
📍About Houthi Rebels:
✅A Zaidi Shia rebel group from northern Yemen, officially known as Ansar Allah.
✅Founded in the 1990s as a political and religious movement opposing Saudi-backed Sunni influence.
#Places_in_news
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✅Location: Southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula, strategically positioned at the entrance of the Red Sea.
Capital:
✅Neighbouring Countries:
Saudi Arabia (North) and Oman (East).
✅Borders the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Arabian Sea.
📍Geographic Features:
✅Mountains: Hadhramaut Mountains, Haraz Mountains, and Sarawat Range.
✅Rivers: Wadis (seasonal rivers), including Wadi Hadhramaut and Wadi Zabid.
✅Valleys: Tihama Coastal Plain along the Red Sea coast.
📍About Houthi Rebels:
✅A Zaidi Shia rebel group from northern Yemen, officially known as Ansar Allah.
✅Founded in the 1990s as a political and religious movement opposing Saudi-backed Sunni influence.
#Places_in_news
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
🔆 Abu Musa Island
📍 Context:
✅ Iran summoned China's envoy over a China-UAE statement questioning Iran's sovereignty over the disputed Abu Musa Island and two other islands, Greater Tunb and Lesser Tunb.
📍 Disputes over Islands:
✅ Claimed by both Iran and the UAE, but has been held by Iran since 1971.
📍 Strategic Importance:
✅ Located near the Strait of Hormuz, a critical waterway through which one-fifth of the world's oil passes daily.
📍 Context:
✅ Iran summoned China's envoy over a China-UAE statement questioning Iran's sovereignty over the disputed Abu Musa Island and two other islands, Greater Tunb and Lesser Tunb.
📍 Disputes over Islands:
✅ Claimed by both Iran and the UAE, but has been held by Iran since 1971.
📍 Strategic Importance:
✅ Located near the Strait of Hormuz, a critical waterway through which one-fifth of the world's oil passes daily.