Please open Telegram to view this post
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
🔆Jwaneng Diamond Mine
✅The Jwaneng Diamond Mine is the richest diamond mine globally, with an estimated value of 1 billion euros.
✅Jwaneng Diamond Mine, dubbed the 'Prince of Mines,' is located in Botswana.
✅It is the world's richest diamond mine by value.
✅The mine lies on the edge of the Kalahari Desert.
✅It is situated in an ancient volcanic crater about 170 km southwest of Botswana's capital, Gaborone.
✅The mine is operated by Debswana, a joint venture between De Beers, a leading diamond company, and the Botswana government.
✅Jwaneng, which means "a place of gems" in Setswana, sits atop a kimberlite pipe, a volcanic formation that brings diamonds from deep within the Earth's mantle to the surface.
✅The mine's history dates back to the 1970s when De Beers discovered the site, and it has been operating since 1982.
✅Over the years, it has produced millions of carats of diamonds from its three main kimberlite pipes.
✅Jwaneng has played a crucial role in Botswana's economy. It is estimated that the mine's revenue has crossed $96 billion since its inception.
✅Mining at Jwaneng is highly advanced, with large drills loosening the rock, and trucks transporting it to a processing plant.
✅Here, diamonds are separated using state-of-the-art technologies like X-ray and laser sorters.
✅Jwaneng was the first in Botswana to receive ISO 14001 certification for its eco-friendly practices.
#prelims
#geography
✅The Jwaneng Diamond Mine is the richest diamond mine globally, with an estimated value of 1 billion euros.
✅Jwaneng Diamond Mine, dubbed the 'Prince of Mines,' is located in Botswana.
✅It is the world's richest diamond mine by value.
✅The mine lies on the edge of the Kalahari Desert.
✅It is situated in an ancient volcanic crater about 170 km southwest of Botswana's capital, Gaborone.
✅The mine is operated by Debswana, a joint venture between De Beers, a leading diamond company, and the Botswana government.
✅Jwaneng, which means "a place of gems" in Setswana, sits atop a kimberlite pipe, a volcanic formation that brings diamonds from deep within the Earth's mantle to the surface.
✅The mine's history dates back to the 1970s when De Beers discovered the site, and it has been operating since 1982.
✅Over the years, it has produced millions of carats of diamonds from its three main kimberlite pipes.
✅Jwaneng has played a crucial role in Botswana's economy. It is estimated that the mine's revenue has crossed $96 billion since its inception.
✅Mining at Jwaneng is highly advanced, with large drills loosening the rock, and trucks transporting it to a processing plant.
✅Here, diamonds are separated using state-of-the-art technologies like X-ray and laser sorters.
✅Jwaneng was the first in Botswana to receive ISO 14001 certification for its eco-friendly practices.
#prelims
#geography
📍Places in news:
✅Ras Isa: A strategic port on the Red Sea coast of Yemen, primarily known for its oil export facilities. It plays a significant role in Yemen’s maritime trade and energy exports.
✅Hodeidah: A key port city on the western coast of Yemen, it serves as a vital hub for the import of goods and humanitarian aid into the country. Hodeidah has been a major focus of the conflict due to its strategic importance for controlling access to the Red Sea.
✅Sanaa: The capital and largest city of Yemen, Sanaa is a historical and political center. It has been under Houthi control since 2014 and has seen significant conflict during the ongoing civil war
✅Ras Isa: A strategic port on the Red Sea coast of Yemen, primarily known for its oil export facilities. It plays a significant role in Yemen’s maritime trade and energy exports.
✅Hodeidah: A key port city on the western coast of Yemen, it serves as a vital hub for the import of goods and humanitarian aid into the country. Hodeidah has been a major focus of the conflict due to its strategic importance for controlling access to the Red Sea.
✅Sanaa: The capital and largest city of Yemen, Sanaa is a historical and political center. It has been under Houthi control since 2014 and has seen significant conflict during the ongoing civil war
🔆Subansiri dam
✅The NHPC's plan to start generating electricity from the 2000 megawatt Lower Subansiri Hydroelectric Project (LSHP) has triggered downstream impact worries in Assam, specifically because an independent reservoir management authority recommended by an Environment Ministry-constituted panel has not been set up
📍Subansiri Lower Hydro Electric Project (SLHEP):
✅It is an under-construction gravity dam on the Subansiri River in North Eastern India on the borders of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam.
✅It is a run-of-river project.
✅It will be the single largest hydroelectric plant in India when completed.
✅The dam will be 116 m high from the river bed level and 130 m from the foundation. The length of the dam will be 284 m.
✅The project is being developed by the state-run National Hydro Power Corporation (NHPC).
✅It is expected to supply 2,000 MW of power (eight 250 MW units) when completed.
✅The NHPC's plan to start generating electricity from the 2000 megawatt Lower Subansiri Hydroelectric Project (LSHP) has triggered downstream impact worries in Assam, specifically because an independent reservoir management authority recommended by an Environment Ministry-constituted panel has not been set up
📍Subansiri Lower Hydro Electric Project (SLHEP):
✅It is an under-construction gravity dam on the Subansiri River in North Eastern India on the borders of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam.
✅It is a run-of-river project.
✅It will be the single largest hydroelectric plant in India when completed.
✅The dam will be 116 m high from the river bed level and 130 m from the foundation. The length of the dam will be 284 m.
✅The project is being developed by the state-run National Hydro Power Corporation (NHPC).
✅It is expected to supply 2,000 MW of power (eight 250 MW units) when completed.
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
🔆Shahid Rajaee Port
✅Recently, a massive explosion occurred at Shahid Rajaee Port near the southern Iranian city of Bandar Abbas, resulting in 18 deaths and 800 injuries.
📍Strategic Importance of Shahid Rajaee Port
✅Location: The port is located near the Strait of Hormuz, through which nearly 20% of global oil trade passes, making it a critical chokepoint in global energy security.
✅Economic role: It is Iran’s largest and most technologically advanced container port, handling a significant share of the country’s import-export trade.
#mapping
✅Recently, a massive explosion occurred at Shahid Rajaee Port near the southern Iranian city of Bandar Abbas, resulting in 18 deaths and 800 injuries.
📍Strategic Importance of Shahid Rajaee Port
✅Location: The port is located near the Strait of Hormuz, through which nearly 20% of global oil trade passes, making it a critical chokepoint in global energy security.
✅Economic role: It is Iran’s largest and most technologically advanced container port, handling a significant share of the country’s import-export trade.
#mapping
🔆China and Phillipines claim their control over Tiexian Reef
📍Tiexian Reef
✅The Tiexian Reef or Sandy Cay is part of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea.
✅This 200 sq metre reef is situated near Thitu Island (also known as Pag-asa Island), where the Philippines maintains a military facility and a newly established coast guard base.
Spratly Islands
✅The Spratly Islands are a group of over 100 small islands and reefs in the South China Sea.
✅They are north of Malaysia and roughly halfway between Vietnam and the Philippines.
📍Who Claims Them:
✅China, Taiwan, and Vietnam each claim the whole group.
Malaysia and the Philippines claim parts of it.
✅Brunei does not claim the islands themselves but claims a nearby area that includes a reef.
✅Climate: The islands have a tropical climate.
📍Tiexian Reef
✅The Tiexian Reef or Sandy Cay is part of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea.
✅This 200 sq metre reef is situated near Thitu Island (also known as Pag-asa Island), where the Philippines maintains a military facility and a newly established coast guard base.
Spratly Islands
✅The Spratly Islands are a group of over 100 small islands and reefs in the South China Sea.
✅They are north of Malaysia and roughly halfway between Vietnam and the Philippines.
📍Who Claims Them:
✅China, Taiwan, and Vietnam each claim the whole group.
Malaysia and the Philippines claim parts of it.
✅Brunei does not claim the islands themselves but claims a nearby area that includes a reef.
✅Climate: The islands have a tropical climate.
🔆 Tea
📍 Temperature
✅ 25-35°C
📍 Rainfall
✅ >150 cm
📍 Soil Conditions
✅ Well-drained, deep friable loams or forest soils, rich in organic water
📍 Geographical Distribution
✅ Undulating topography of hilly areas and well-drained soils in humid and sub-humid tropics and sub-tropics
- Assam, West Bengal (Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, and Cooch Bihar districts)
- Lower slopes of Nilgiri and Cardamom hills in Tamil Nadu
📍 Key Features
✅ Plantation crop
✅ Black tea leaves – fermented
✅ Green tea leaves – unfermented
✅ Rich content of caffeine and tannin
✅ Indigenous crop of hills in Northern China
✅ India – started in the 1840s in Brahmaputra Valley
✅ 28% of the world’s production
📍 Temperature
✅ 25-35°C
📍 Rainfall
✅ >150 cm
📍 Soil Conditions
✅ Well-drained, deep friable loams or forest soils, rich in organic water
📍 Geographical Distribution
✅ Undulating topography of hilly areas and well-drained soils in humid and sub-humid tropics and sub-tropics
- Assam, West Bengal (Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, and Cooch Bihar districts)
- Lower slopes of Nilgiri and Cardamom hills in Tamil Nadu
📍 Key Features
✅ Plantation crop
✅ Black tea leaves – fermented
✅ Green tea leaves – unfermented
✅ Rich content of caffeine and tannin
✅ Indigenous crop of hills in Northern China
✅ India – started in the 1840s in Brahmaputra Valley
✅ 28% of the world’s production